Albania Moves Toward Oil Security Reserves Amid Global Energy Volatility

The Albanian government has been working for several years to pass legislation governing the creation, maintenance, and management of minimum security reserves for crude oil and its refined products.

According to international standards, these emergency stocks are calculated at either 90 days of net imports or 61 days of average daily consumption, whichever is higher. These reserves are designed to be deployed during extraordinary circumstances, such as physical supply shortages or geopolitical crises.

The initial draft, proposed in February 2019, introduced a co-management formula between the state and the private sector—a departure from the current model where reserves are held entirely by private companies and refineries. Under the proposed framework, a public entity would manage 60 days of average consumption, while the remaining 30 days would remain the responsibility of private operators.

The legislative proposal envisioned the creation of a dedicated public body named the State Agency for Oil Security Reserves, operating under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy (MIE).

The Cost of Energy Security

The draft law stipulated that the agency would be self-financed through a dedicated fee levied on every liter of fuel purchased by refineries and wholesale companies. This mechanism would essentially introduce a new fiscal obligation, which is expected to translate into higher pump prices for final consumers.

While the project has undergone various internal government discussions since 2019, it was only in October 2025 that it was formally released for public consultation. The current draft maintains the previous structure: a non-profit public entity, now dubbed the Security Reserve Authority, under the MIE.

Key administrative details include:

• Article 10: Fees for obligated parties will be collected by the Customs Authority during the collection of excise duties.

• Article 11: Payers are required to submit payment data within 30 days of the end of each calendar month.

Despite the fact that the project has yet to be finalized, market operators anticipate additional costs totaling hundreds of millions of euros. These costs cover the procurement, storage, and logistics of the security stocks—burdens that are expected to increase operational costs for companies and, ultimately, prices for the consumer.

Global Context: Iran Conflict Risks New Energy Crisis

As Albania formalizes its domestic security measures, the escalation of conflict in the Middle East—specifically involving Iran—is sending shockwaves through global energy and financial markets. International economic analysts warn that a prolonged conflict could trigger severe supply disruptions, oil price spikes, and renewed inflationary pressures worldwide.

A primary concern is the potential for conflict to damage regional energy infrastructure or obstruct oil transit through the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical energy corridors.

Market Analysis

In a recent analysis titled “War with Iran is a Nightmare for Oil and Gas Markets,” Bloomberg noted that a broad regional conflict has long been considered the “worst-case scenario” for the energy sector. The report emphasizes that the Persian Gulf remains a cornerstone of global energy supply, and any disruption there triggers an immediate market reaction.

Similarly, The Economist has warned of a significant shock to global markets. In an article titled “War in Iran Could Trigger the Biggest Oil-Market Shock in Years,” the publication highlights the extreme sensitivity of energy markets to regional tensions. Any disruption to tanker traffic could drastically reduce global supply and drive energy prices to record highs.

Financial and Economic Ripple Effects

The geopolitical tension has already impacted financial markets:

• Safe-Haven Assets: Investors are pivoting toward gold and bonds.

• Volatility: Stock markets are experiencing fluctuations as geopolitical risk premiums rise.

• Inflation: Analysts warn that high oil prices ripple through the economy by increasing costs for transport, manufacturing, and food production.

Experts conclude that countries dependent on energy imports are the most vulnerable. European and Asian economies, in particular, face the prospect of surging production costs and new inflationary cycles if energy prices remain elevated.