May 29, 2025
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ACER’s Zinglersen: Integrate electricity markets to bolster flexibility as new era is already here

The surge in the number of hours with negative wholesale electricity prices in Europe made 2024 the second consecutive record year. According to ACER’s Director Christian Zinglersen, it means a new era is here. Speaking at Belgrade Energy Forum – BEF 2025, he called on governments, regulators and system operators to tackle the issue with more flexibility and reap the benefits of integrated electricity markets.

At EUR 81 per MWh, the average day-ahead power price in the European Union and Norway was lower last year than in 2021, when the energy crisis began. This is good news, but there are significant differences in price averages across the continent, Director of the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) Christian Zinglersen asserted.

In a keynote speech at Belgrade Energy Forum, BEF 2025, he also pointed out that the percentage of days with significant price swings remained elevated. “This suggests that we need much more short-term flexibility in the system,” Zinglersen said.

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Prices in Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary among highest in Europe

In 2024, the share of time when prices were above EUR 150 per MWh landed at 6.1%, compared to 11.3% in the previous year and 66.7% in 2022. The number of days with price swings greater than EUR 50 per MWh accounted for a strong 70.4% of the total, though down from 77.1% in 2023 and 87.8% one year before.

The average price in Romania was virtually unchanged in 2024. It fell only 1% in Bulgaria and 5% in Hungary. Conversely, the drop was the strongest in Sweden, Norway, France and Belgium: 22% to 39%.

The average day-ahead electricity price in Romania was virtually unchanged last year, while in several countries it tumbled by at least 22%

Last year, prices were the highest across Italy, between EUR 106 per MWh and EUR 112 MWh, in Ireland (EUR 109 per MWh), Romania (EUR 104 per MWh), Bulgaria (EUR 103 per MWh) and Greece and Hungary (both EUR 101 per MWh).

Importantly, 2024 was the second consecutive record year in the number of hours with negative wholesale prices. Their share jumped to 2.8% from 1.9%.

“This is very significant and it shows we are already, in my view, in a new era. We’re not just embarking upon it. We’re there,” Zinglersen stressed.

Photo: ACER

Share of very low wholesale prices rallies back to level from 2020

As for the share of time with very low wholesale prices, it surged last year to 8.8%. The level was last seen in 2020, when the pandemic erupted and resulted in an unprecedented demand shock, ACER’s chief noted. He called on governments, regulators and system operators to tackle the issues with more flexibility.

Grid tariffs increasingly need to show what the system needs, in his view: more time nuance and more locational nuance. “That combination of an energy signal and a tariff signal should hopefully enable us to build more of what we need in the right places, as opposed to build what we don’t need, in the wrong places,” Zinglersen stated.

Integrated markets bring benefits

A policy brief that Brussels-based think tank Bruegel published last year pointed to the benefits of the integration of electricity markets. Among other factors, there is more security with fewer backup power plants and more flexibility with less investment in energy storage, together with lower capital costs. In 2022, ACER, based in Ljubljana, estimated benefits from cross-border trade alone at EUR 34 billion in the EU.

“It has very significant security of supply implications as well, to be in a very integrated-type jurisdiction,” Zinglersen underscored. But integrated markets come with tradeoffs, he said.

One of the examples is an incident in 2021 that split the Continental Europe synchronous area into two parts for an hour and reserves were pulled from across the continent. “But you can also bring the system much more quickly back together again,” Zinglersen said at the conference.

The same goes for the June 2024 blackout in the Balkans.

There are many solutions in Europe, but they are not evenly distributed

ACER’s director also recalled the power price decorrelation that affected Southeastern Europe and Hungary from July to September. He attributed some of the spikes in day-ahead prices to the lack of short-term flexibility, for instance batteries.

There are lots of technical solutions and frameworks in place across Europe, but they are not very evenly distributed, he added.

Zinglersen pointed to the opportunities and benefits of further integrating the electricity market of the Western Balkans region and the EU.

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May 27, 2025
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Greece launches Attica-Crete subsea power interconnector

The Attica-Crete subsea power interconnector has been put into trial operation, marking a milestone for Greece’s transmission system. The country now has a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) interconnection, and its largest island is fully integrated into the national electricity system, according to an announcement by the Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO or Admie).

The Ariadne subsea power interconnector entered into operation on May 24 with the successful transfer of direct current electricity, said IPTO, whose subsidiary Ariadne implemented the project. The trial operation phase is expected to last throughout the summer, IPTO added.

The two submarine power links have ended Crete’s electrical isolation

Combined with the existing interconnection via the Peloponnese peninsula, the new cable has completely ended Crete’s electrical isolation, making it an energy hub with significant environmental and economic benefits for the country and the local community, according to IPTO.

The first power link between Crete and the mainland is the 174-kilometer alternating current (AC) cable linking the island with the Peloponnese. It was completed in 2021, following an investment of EUR 380 million.

The EUR 1.1 billion Ariadne interconnector is among the deepest in the world

The Ariadne interconnector, which cost over EUR 1.1 billion to build, is one of the deepest subsea power cables in the world. It consists of two 500 kV cables of 500 MW each, laid at depths of up to 1,200 meters. The construction lasted 4.5 years.

Greek Minister of Environment and Energy Stavros Papastavrou stated that the new power link has made Crete a “central pillar in the country’s energy transition,” and IPTO CEO Manos Manousakis claimed it is opening “a new chapter for the island’s energy security.”

The project was co-financed through the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF 2014-2020 and NSRF 2021-2027), via the European Union, with up to EUR 535.5 million.

IPTO recalled that the project consisted of many large subprojects, with contractors including Siemens, Terna, Nexans, Prysmian, NKT, and Hellenic Cables.

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May 21, 2025
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Low consumption causes grid failure, power outage in North Macedonia

A grid failure caused a brief power outage in North Macedonia in the early hours on Sunday, May 18. Disruptions at the affected 400/110 kV transformer stations were triggered by high voltage levels in the grid, caused by low consumption, typical for nighttime hours and weekends at this time of year, according to a statement by the country’s transmission system operator, MEPSO.

MEPSO said its teams restored normal electricity supply in about an hour and were working to fully normalize the stability of the power system.

According to the update, grid instability caused by low consumption at nighttime and on weekends is a problem shared by almost all transmission system operators in the region and around Europe.

Bulgaria’s energy minister: Bulgaria played the crucial role in stabilizing North Macedonia’s grid

At the same time, Bulgarian Minister of Energy Zhecho Stankov said that a grid failure had affected several countries in Southeast Europe, though not Bulgaria. He added that his country’s balancing facilities were crucial in stabilizing North Macedonia’s grid, restoring supply, and preventing the crisis from spreading further. In Bulgaria, the Electricity System Operator (ESO) is responsible for the transmission network.

He claimed Serbia and Croatia have also experienced problems due to a lack of balancing facilities. “The colleagues from Serbia also had certain difficulties in the morning hours, and we managed to balance them out,” Stankov stated.

EMS has denied that any disruptions or outages occurred in Serbia

However, Serbia’s transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) told Balkan Green Energy news that the country’s grid did not experience any disruptions or outages and that there was no need for assistance from Bulgaria. EMS said it would not specifically comment on the Bulgarian minister’s statement because it was unclear what it was referring to.

In its reply to Balkan Green Energy News, EMS underscores that there were no consequences for the transmission system of the Republic of Serbia, explaining that EMS, at the request of MEPSO, to facilitate the repairs in North Macedonia, temporarily shut down the 400 kV transmission line between the Vranje 4 transformer station and the North Macedonian border.

Renewables had no share in the problem, according to Stankov

Stankov also stressed that solar power plants did not play a role in the crisis, unlike in Portugal and Spain in late April. The grid failure occurred in the early morning hours and amid low renewable energy generation, he said, adding that “renewable energy had no share in the problem.”

Bulgaria plans to build three new pumped storage hydropower plants

Bulgaria’s system remained stable thanks to its generating and balancing capacities, in Stankov’s view. He told the press that the country possesses 90% of all the reactive energy compensation capabilities in Southeast Europe.

Bulgaria is working with the European Investment Bank (EIB) to build at least three pumped storage hydropower plants in the Rhodope region, aimed at further enhancing regional grid resilience, Stankov pointed out. The minister vowed to keep the country’s grid on standby to support other regional networks in need of stabilization.

Stankov revealed that one such project is being developed for the Vacha dam. The other two pumped storage hydropower plants are planned to be built on the Dospat and Batak dams.

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May 17, 2025
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Works beginning on North Macedonian side of gas interconnector with Greece

The North Macedonian section of the gas interconnector with Greece is expected to be completed by early 2027. The construction contract was signed by the Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources, domestic contractor Rapid Build and the country’s gas transmission system operator Nomagas.

The construction of the gas pipeline connecting North Macedonia with Greece is set to begin in a month, according to officials. Land expropriation is 90% complete. The initial capacity of the interconnector would be 1.5 billion cubic meters per year, with a potential to double it. The works are expected to be completed within 22 months.

„With the signing of the contract for the construction of the Macedonian section of the gas interconnector with Greece, we are marking the beginning of the largest energy investment in North Macedonia in the last ten years. The interconnector is proof that when there is political will, regional trust, and professional dedication – the results are real and tangible,” said Minister of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources Sanja Božinovska.

The contract was signed by the ministry, contractor Rapid bild, based in Kumanovo in North Macedonia, and the country’s gas transmission system operator Nomagas. The future pipeline would be able to carry both natural gas and hydrogen.

Repeated tender slashes price by EUR 12 million

The winning bid was EUR 59.9 million or EUR 12 million less than in the initial tender, which was annulled.

The project is worth over MKD 5.1 billion (EUR 82.9 million). It is financed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). It includes grants of EUR 2.5 million for technical assistance and another EUR 9.9 million via the Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF).

The project is financed by the EIB and EBRD

„This contract ensures diversification and access to a greater number of natural gas sources, enables economic development, progress and environmental protection, and contributes to the security of energy supply,” said Executive Director of Nomagas Muhamet Elmazi.

Gasification would significantly improve air quality, especially in areas where wood and fuel oil are currently used for heating.

Greek section of interconnector under construction since February

On the North Macedonian side, the interconnector route is 68 kilometers long, out of a total of 123 kilometers. It will run from Nea Mesimvria in Greece through Evzoni (Mačukovo) and Gevgelija at the border, to Negotino. The next phase involves building gas links from Gostivar to Kičevo (34 kilometers) and from Sveti Nikole to Veles (28 kilometers).

Greek company Terna began constructing its country’s section of the pipeline in February.

Nomagas and Greece’s National Natural Gas System Operator (DESFA) made their final investment decision a year and a half ago.

The companies leaned the investment on the project for the Alexandroupolis LNG Terminal. The liquefied natural gas facility in northeastern Greece was opened on October 1. However, due to a malfunction, it has been out of operation for more than three months. According to the latest update, gradual reactivation is expected to begin by the end of May.

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May 13, 2025
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Second HVDC link from mainland Greece to Crete coming online

Greece’s Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO) is completing the last elements of the Ariadne Interconnection project, one of the deepest subsea links in the world. The company plans to switch on the double high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable between Attica and Crete by the end of the month. In addition, IPTO and its Italian counterpart Terna are developing a project for a second interconnector between them.

Final tests and equipment checks are being completed at the Damasta Converter Station in Heraklion ahead of the start of the trial operation of the Crete-Attica electricity link. The management of IPTO, also known by its Greek acronym Admie, and the HDVC Ariadne Interconnection project firm inspected the site.

The transmission system operator said it plans to energize it this week by injecting reactive power into the electricity system in the country’s biggest island.

The transmission of active power from Attica to Crete is set to begin in late May, the update adds. Ariadne consists of two 500 kV cables of  500 MW each. One end is in Pachi in the city of Megara, between Athens and Corinth, and the other one in Korakia in Crete. The submarine and underground cables were tested earlier.

Line on mainland is under trial electrification

At the same time, on the Attica side, a trial electrification of a 400 kV cable system is taking place between the Koumoundouros Converter Station and the adjacent Extra High Voltage Center. Ariadne Interconnection is the largest and most complex electricity transmission project in Greece so far, IPTO underscored.

Furthermore, a 150 kV transmission line between Chania and Damasta recently received the decision on the approval of environmental conditions (AEPO), the company added. It is considered necessary for an optimal combined use of Crete’s two interconnections with the mainland, the announcement reads. The first one, from Peloponnese, was established in 2021.

Ariadne, worth more than EUR 1.1 billion, is one of the three deepest interconnections in the world. The HVDC line’s capacity matches the interconnector to Sardinia, the strongest power link so far with an island.

The project is co-financed through the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF 2014-2020 and NSRF 2021-2027), via the European Union, with up to EUR 535.5 million. The idea for the endeavor dates back to the 1990s.

The contractors are Nexans and Prysmian. Each was responsible for one of the two cables while the latter also laid two submarine telecommunication lines.

Erdoğan again taunts Great Sea Interconnector by promising alternative cable

Ariadne is part of a proposed corridor with the Great Sea Interconnector project, formerly EuroAsia Interconnector, envisaged going to Cyprus and Israel. The Crete-Cyprus investment has been suffering heavy delays amid financing issues, ownership disputes and Turkey’s threats.

In early May, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited the Cypriot Turkish breakaway republic, recognized only by Turkey, and promised an interconnection with his country. He compared it to an existing water pipeline.

“Did we bring water from under the sea to Northern Cyprus from Turkey? Now we are in the second stage. God willing, we will bring electricity and with that we will cover the needs of Northern Cyprus in water and electricity,” Erdoğan stated.

Notably, IPTO denied yesterday a press report that it is considering the possibility, together with Nexans, the contractor, to alter the route and connect Crete with the Dodecanese Islands instead of with Cyprus. The archipelago includes Rhodes, Astypalaia (Astypalea), Kos and Tilos.

EBRD is providing a grant for the first studies for an interconnection between Greece and Egypt

In other news, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Elica Interconnector, a member of the Copelouzos Group, signed a grant agreement for the first studies for the planned Egypt-Greece (GREGY) electricity interconnection.

IPTO and its Italian counterpart Terna signed today a memorandum of understanding to install a second undersea HDVC power line. The GR.ITA 2 project is for a double cable, two times 500 MW, scheduled for completion in 2031. The two sides earmarked a total of EUR 1.9 billion.

The existing 500 MW interconnector, in operation since 2002, is temporarily down due to a malfunction.

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April 30, 2025
by in News

North Macedonia’s MEPSO seeks contractor for power line to Albanian border

Transmission system operator MEPSO launched an international tender for the construction of a 400 kV transmission line, the North Macedonian part of a planned interconnection with Albania. The company earlier canceled the contract with Energoinvest, which began building it four years ago.

State-owned MEPSO said the project is of great importance for the energy stability of North Macedonia and regional integration. The tender is for the construction of an overhead transmission line of one hundred kilometers from the Bitola 2 transformer station to the North Macedonian – Albanian border.

The call was issued after the cancellation of the contract under which construction initially began in 2021.

North Macedonia, Albania waiting over three decades for electricity interconnection

The investment is valued at EUR 17 million. The project is funded through a loan from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and grants from the European Union.

The North Macedonian part of the interconnector with Albania is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2027

„I regret that for more than three decades, despite political pluralism and democratic changes, there was no institutional courage and vision to establish an electricity connection with Albania. Today, we are correcting this historical omission,” said Burim Latifi, Director-General of MEPSO.

The transmission line is expected to be completed by the end of 2027, with construction set to begin in early 2026, according to the country’s electricity transmission system operator (TSO).

The deadline for submitting bids is 45 days, and the selection of the most favorable bidder is expected in the third quarter of 2025, MEPSO added.

Latifi: Energoinvest jeopardized power line project

The company claimed the previous contractor, Energoinvest from Bosnia and Herzegovina, jeopardized the project and public interest through unjustified requests for additional funds and by unilaterally abandoning the site, leading to the termination of the contract.

So far, only a small portion of the planned towers for the transmission line has been constructed.

„We encountered a seriously neglected project. Out of 269 planned foundations for transmission towers, only 24 were completed, clearly showing the lack of seriousness in completing the project,” Latifi stated.

The funds spent so far were used for equipment procurements

Energoinvest has received EUR 5.8 million, of which EUR 2.5 million was recovered through bank guarantees, he added. Latifi clarified that the funds were used for procuring equipment, now owned by MEPSO.

The company pointed out that the power line would be part of the proposed East-West energy corridor, connecting Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Albania and Montenegro, which is linked with Italy by an undersea cable.

„The construction of this interconnector will position our system as an essential part of European electric power infrastructure, enabling stable participation in regional markets, access to system and balancing services, and providing more secure and economical energy supply for all citizens,” MEPSO states.

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April 29, 2025
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Episodes of negative power prices in Slovenia, Romania spread to workdays

Romania registered the first negative day-ahead electricity price for a workday. The phenomenon, which only used to occur on holidays and weekends, has emerged in Slovenia as well.

In spring and autumn, most of Europe occasionally faces periods of excessive power grid loads. The rapid rise in solar and wind power production and the lack of accompanying energy storage and flexibility capabilities are straining the system at times when demand is low. Advanced electricity markets countered the issue by introducing negative prices.

When prices hit zero or go below zero, the seller delivers electricity without compensation or even has to pay to the buyer, respectively. The phenomenon was normally reserved for holidays and weekends, but more day-ahead markets are now experiencing it for workdays as well.

Downward pressure in Romania from strong inflow of negatively priced electricity via Hungary

Romania saw its first such episode yesterday, on Sunday, in the session for today, Profit.ro reported. Prices in its day-ahead market are negative in five out of 24 periods of one hour, between 11:00 and 16:00.

The country is importing at almost 2 GW via Hungary and exporting at up to 1.5 GW to Bulgaria, the news website added. The article notes that renewable energy producers, especially in Germany, where prices are also negative, are exporting to other markets to ease the impact. They usually benefit from subsidies, so generating electricity isn’t necessarily unprofitable even when they sell at a loss.

In addition, shutting down and restarting power plants can be more costly than paying the other side to take excess output.

The level in Romania went to as low as EUR 6.18 per MWh below zero. But the daily average is EUR 76.54 per MWh. The peak, is EUR 198.16 per MWh, between 20:00 and 21:00, when there is no sunlight and prosumers only consume.

Negative prices turn Slovenia’s HSE into electricity consumer

Prices in Slovenia for today also came in negative between 11:00 and 16:oo, which is very rare for a workday, Naš stik reported. Among other factors, the two-day May 1 holiday shortens the current workweek. The lowest, between 14:00 and 15:00, is EUR 6.18 euros per MWh below zero.

In comparison, the lowest price for Sunday on the BSP Southpool exchange was EUR 104 per MWh under zero.

At one point during the Easter holiday, virtually all HSE’s production capacities were offline and the Avče pumped storage hydropower plant was storing electricity from the grid

“Last year, we had 219 hours in Slovenia when prices were negative. This year, we are already at number 72, and we have only just entered the critical period,” said Deputy Director of System Operations of ELES Aleš Donko. The company is Slovenia’s transmission and distribution system operator.

State-owned power utility Holding Slovenske elektrarne (HSE) found itself in an unusual situation during the Easter holidays because of negative prices.

“For a while, we were actually an energy consumer, not a producer, which is our core mission… Virtually all our power plants were shut down, and the Avče pumped storage hydropower plant was pumping water into the upper reservoir at full capacity,” Head of Operation Planning and Management Jernej Brglez said.

Portugal and Spain, which suffered major outages today together with France, both registered negative prices every day in the third week of April.

Also of note, Greece is preparing to introduce negative prices in the balancing market.

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April 21, 2025
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Minister Admir Šahmanović formally assumes energy, mining portfolio in Montenegro

Prime Minister of Milojko Spajić has merged two ministries, so Minister of Mining, Oil and Gas and Coordinator of the Ministry of Energy Admir Šahmanović took the helm at the joint energy and mining portfolio. Among his primary responsibilities are the completion of the domestic part of the Trans-Balkan Electricity Corridor, the installation of the second line of the Monita submarine interconnector with Italy and power market coupling with the European Union.

The Parliament of Montenegro elected Minister of Energy and Mining Admir Šahmanović. He led the Ministry of Mining, Oil and Gas in  since July. As Minister of Energy Saša Mujović was elected mayor of the capital Podgorica, Šahmanović recently took over as coordinator,

Prime Minister Milojko Spajić now formally merged the two ministries again. “If we complete the Trans-Balkan Corridor – only a few kilometers are left, the second line of the underwater cable toward Italy, Montenegro is becoming the cooperation bridge between the Balkans and the EU,” he said in the national assembly, promoting Šahmanović.

The list of priority energy infrastructure, adopted in December, also includes the Komarnica and Kruševo hydropower projects, the Ionian-Adriatic Pipeline (IAP), a subsidy scheme for rooftop solar power plants, energy efficiency measures and a floating solar power unit.

The Trans-Balkans Electricity Corridor is a project for upgrading transmission systems in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. The proposed lines run from Romania to the Monita subsea interconnector with Italy.

Admir Šahmanović will participate in the first panel discussion within Belgrade Energy Forum (BEF 2025), organized by Balkan Green Energy News. The two-day conference in Serbia, starting on May 14, is the central meeting point for representatives of regional and international institutions, organizations and the business community from the region, Europe, and beyond.

Minister has master’s degree in financial management

The minister said earlier this month that current photovoltaic and wind power projects would boost Montenegro’s electricity capacity fivefold, to 5 GW. Admir Šahmanović, born in 1985, has a master’s degree in financial management. He is in the leadership of the Bosniak Party.

Early in his career, he worked in PricewaterhouseCoopers in both Montenegro in Serbia, in Montenegro’s ministries of sustainable development and tourism and public administration, and the British Council in Podgorica. The current minister has experience in managing funds received from the European Union.

Šahmanović entered energy policy sphere in 2022

Three years ago, Šahmanović was named state secretary in the Ministry of Capital Investments, which included the energy portfolio. He participated in the negotiations on the EU accession and on obtaining loans from international financial institutions.

According to his official biography, the minister has promoted sustainable energy and transportation and environmental protection and worked on the country’s strategic documents and action plans.

Additionally, Šahmanović has managed EU-funded projects for wastewater purification and green energy.

Last month he oversaw the adoption of the new Law on Energy.

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April 16, 2025
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Aurora forecasts Western Balkans power capacity growth of 20 GW by 2040

The Western Balkans could see a 20 GW increase in installed capacity by 2040, with nearly 65% coming from renewables, Aurora Energy Research found. Short-term volatility and increased costs of commodities are expected to keep electricity prices near or over EUR 100 per MWh until 2030.

Aurora Energy Research issued its first forecast for the Western Balkans, eyeing investor movement. The firm expanded its market forecasting services, now offering full granularity modeling for Albania, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, available in its Western Balkans Power and Renewables Market Forecast.

The announcement follows the conclusion of a multiclient study comprising three workshops, the results of which reveal increased investor interest in the region.

Photovoltaics have the fastest growth rate and biggest capacity in the forecast

The combined installed capacity in the Western Balkans excluding Serbia is expected to grow by 20 GW by 2040 and by as much as 35 GW by 2060 from the current levels, leading to tens of billions in investments, Aurora said. Renewables account for the lion’s share with nearly 65% while battery energy storage systems (BESS), interconnectors and hydrogen-fired combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGT) make up the remaining capacity additions.

Solar power shows the fastest rate of growth and absolute capacity value, according to the global power market analytics provider.

Electricity market prices returning below EUR 100 per MWh only after 2030

Looking into wholesale prices, the analysis expects the Western Balkans to follow similar trends as other SEE markets but with regional nuances, based on the local energy system evolution. Short-term volatility and increased commodities are foreseen to keep prices near or over the EUR 100 per MWh mark until 2030 while long-term baseload prices under Aurora’s central scenario are expected at between EUR 70 per MWh and EUR 80 per MWh, driven by high commodity prices, while an increasing renewables’ penetration acts in the opposite direction.

Early movers have an advantage as cannibalization looms

Renewable energy assets capture prices will benefit from lower cannibalization levels in the early years compared to other SEE countries, as there is less capacity in the system, giving early movers an advantage, the analysis reads. Over time, the momentum for storage seen in SEE likely spreads to the Western Balkans.

Coal phaseout seen by 2045

The speed of decarbonization in the region largely depends on the implementation of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) or alignment with the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The shift away from lignite could take time, Aurora’s experts say, with a full exit expected by 2045, but its share in the power system is expected to decrease significantly in the next decade due to pressure from CBAM and carbon taxes.

“The Western Balkans are Europe’s most rapidly changing power markets. Ageing thermal fleets, liberalisation of markets, policy support schemes, and strong fundamental economics are poised to bring the Western Balkans at the forefront of developers’ agendas,” said Panos Kefalas, Research Lead at Aurora Energy Research.

The Western Balkans Power and Renewables Market Forecast provides in-depth insights, detailed market analysis, and data-driven projections for investors, developers, and stakeholders.

Established in 2013, Aurora Energy Research provides power market forecasting and analytics for investment and financing decisions. Headquartered in Oxford, it operates out of 16 offices worldwide covering Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australia. The firm’s services include market outlook for energy industry participants, advisory support, and software solutions.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
April 14, 2025
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Feasibility study complete for Romania’s East-West underground high-voltage line

A project for underground high-voltage power link East-West across Romania entered a new phase with the completion of the feasibility study. It would run alongside existing energy infrastructure.

A year and a half after Minister of Energy Sebastian Burduja declared the project for a high voltage direct current (HVDC) line across Romania “the number one priority,” the feasibility study is complete. Notably, he estimated at the time that it would be done within six months and that the interconnection had to be installed by 2029.

The East-West Interconnector (Est-Vest) project is entering the next phase. It is planned to run underground from the Black Sea coast to the border with Hungary. The endeavor includes utilizing existing infrastructure corridors such as the BRUA and Tuzla-Podișor gas pipelines.

It saves significant time on permits, lowers costs and reduces environmental impact, the ministry pointed out. The project partners are Romania’s transmission system operator Transelectrica, Abu Dhabi National Energy Co. (TAQA) from the United Arab Emirates, the French Meridiam and domestic company E-Infra.

Italian consultancy and engineering services provider CESI conducted the study. It launched the task in May last year.

Burduja: No time to waste in making Romania net exporter of electricity

Minister Sebastian Burduja said it is one of the most ambitious energy infrastructure projects in Central and Eastern Europe. The new study marks an essential stage in Romania’s transformation into a regional energy hub and a strategic actor in Europe’s energy security, he claimed.

“We have no time to waste. We will accelerate all the necessary steps for Romania to become a net exporter of clean energy and a pillar of stability in the region. Moreover, the project is vital for the modernization and balancing of Romania’s electricity transmission network and will ensure the evacuation of significant quantities of electricity that will be generated following the completion of Romania’s strategic investments in units 3 and 4 of the Cernavodă nuclear power plant, as well as in the offshore and onshore wind projects in the Dobruja area,” Burduja stated.

The East-West HVDC will be able to cary electricity from the Cernavodă nuclear power plant as well as from future wind projects in the east

Internationally, the project contributes to strengthening the integration of the regional and European energy market and increasing the security of supply to consumers in the southeastern part of Europe, according to the minister. It contributes to the possibilities for exporting electricity to neighboring countries, he noted.

The project is an integral part of the Green Corridor, which is supposed to connect Azerbaijan, Georgia, Romania and Hungary, as well as other countries in the region. The project includes the proposal for an HVDC cable that would run under the Black Sea.

Energy security comes first

The ministry’s objectives are a secure energy supply, at affordable prices, and for Romanians and the economy, and the energy to be green – all in the same order.

HVDC is currently the prevailing technology for long-distance power transmission. The East-West interconnector is supposed to pass through Bucharest.

The cable would allow the transmission of green energy produced in Romania – including from future offshore wind farms in the Black Sea – to domestic and consumers in other European Union member countries. It will also allow Romania to get green energy from Azerbaijan when there is a deficit in the national power system, the ministry added.

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