June 12, 2025
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Brussels to Croatia: Boost renewables, flexibility for cheaper industrial electricity

The European Commission advised Croatia to speed up the installation of renewable energy capacities and add non-fossil flexibility solutions, to reduce electricity prices for businesses.

Electricity prices for the corporate sector in Croatia in the first half of 2024 were the third-highest in the European Union, according to the European Commission.

At about EUR 0.244 per kWh, only Cyprus and Ireland had higher prices – EUR 0.2578 per kWh and EUR 0.256 per kWh, respectively.

“In the first half of 2024, Croatia had the third-highest electricity price in the EU for business/industrial consumers. This continues to hold back the cost competitiveness of Croatian companies,” the commission said in its Country Specific Recommendations under the 2025 European Semester: Spring Package.

Despite a record increase in solar capacity in 2024, by 397 MW, its share in electricity generation remains low, at less than 6%.

An increase in the uptake of large-scale renewables, including solar, is hampered by an uncertain regulatory framework

Against this background, faster roll-out of new renewable energy capacity, especially solar, and non-fossil flexibility solutions could help reduce price levels, the update reads.

The commission said an increase in the uptake of large-scale renewables, including solar, is hampered by an uncertain regulatory framework as the national energy regulator HERA is yet to adopt updated grid connection fees. The situation creates uncertainty for potential investors and has effectively prevented projects from securing financing, the European Union’s executive arm stressed.

Increased investment in the electricity grid, beyond what’s in Croatia’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), would be crucial for an uptake of renewable energy, according to the commission. In the short term, it would imply incentives for hybrid storage and renewable energy projects, the document reads.

Speed up rollout of smart meters

In 2023, only 24% of household consumers had smart meters installed, which is significantly less than the EU target of 80%.

To be able to fully capitalize on an increased uptake of renewable energy, significant funding for the rollout of smart meters – beyond the measures in the NRRP – and dynamic contracts will be needed to empower consumers and foster demand response, the commission noted.

It advised Croatia to review and simplify administrative procedures for installing renewable energy facilities, including in multi-apartment buildings, and for setting up energy communities.

The measures would help reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and increase the low number of registered energy communities, according to the commission.

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June 7, 2025
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Eric Scotto: Falling storage and renewables costs will help meet rising electricity demand

Declining energy storage costs and expanding renewables capacity will enable Europe to meet the challenge of intensified electrification and rising consumption, according to Eric Scotto, CEO of Akuo Energy. Thanks to falling costs, renewable energy has already won the race against nuclear power, he emphasized at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

The price of energy storage today is ten times lower than it was ten years ago, and the density of storage has tripled in the last three years, Eric Scotto said. Speaking at a panel on decarbonization in Southeast Europe, he explained that the operating power of a battery system in a standard TEU container, twenty feet or 6.1 meters long, now reaches 6 MW.

“Today, the challenge is flexibility. We know how to produce cheap, but what is important is to reconcile offer and demand… Thanks to storage, we can do that today,” Scotto said on the sidelines of the conference.

Renewables have already won the race against nuclear energy

Talking about the cost of generation from renewable sources and nuclear power, he argued that the race has already been decided. “It’s over. We won the race. Renewable is the cheapest way to produce energy,” he underscored.

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Scotto emphasized that the Balkan region, which is lagging in the energy transition, can now enjoy the benefits of the latest and cheapest renewable energy and storage technologies. “This morning, some people were saying that we are late in the Balkans, and that’s the best news we could get this morning because renewables are the cheapest way to produce energy, so we’re going to benefit from the latest and most efficient technologies… from solar, from wind, from hydro, and storage,” claims the top man of the French renewable energy company.

The slow energy transition is good news for the Balkans

Scotto stressed the importance of collaboration among Western Balkan countries, adding that he hopes to see more of it in the coming days, weeks, and months. “We have the skills and we have the know-how in those countries. We need to share, we need to work more together, and, of course, we need more international interconnection,” he said.

Akuo Energy has secured a PPA for its Bela Anta 2 wind project in Serbia

Talking about Akuo Energy, Scotto said that it brings to the region its knowledge and experience from numerous project around the world. The France-based independent global renewable energy producer recently signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Serbia’s state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) for the Bela Anta 2 wind project.

With a total installed capacity of 80 MW, Bela Anta 2 was among the awarded projects in Serbia’s second round of renewable energy auctions, held in early 2025, securing a contract for difference (CfD).

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May 30, 2025
by in News

Global battery storage capacity expands by record 200 GWh in 2024

Global installed energy storage is on a steep rise and is expected to increase ninefold by 2040, to over 4 TW, driven by battery energy storage systems (BESS), which saw record growth in 2024, according to a report by Rystad Energy. In recent years, the cost of storing electricity has dropped significantly thanks to the declining cost of battery projects, coupled with technological advancements.

Last year, a record 200 GWh of new BESS projects came online globally, bringing the world’s total operational battery storage capacity to 375 GWh. China maintained its leading position, with over 100 GWh of new capacity, followed by the United States, which added 35 GWh. Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom were among the top five.

Energy storage will play a key role in integrating renewables as power demand grows

As power demand is expected to continue its strong growth in 2025 and after, the growth rate of low-carbon energy sources is now close to covering the entire demand increase. Energy storage will play a key role in integrating the increasing share of intermittent renewable energy and providing the needed flexibility for the secure operation of the power systems, according to Rystad’s report.

The increasing share of intermittent renewables, combined with low flexibility in supply and load, creates price volatility in the liberalized power markets, making energy trading (arbitrage) a good source of revenue for BESS, according to the report.

Solar energy is projected to grow more than all other energy sources combined between 2025 and 2050, expanding tenfold over the period, Rystad noted.

The cost of BESS projects has fallen below USD 300 per kWh in recent years

The global average cost of BESS projects fell below USD 300 per kWh in 2024. If it were to decline to USD 250 per kWh, the cost of storing electricity could be as low as USD 60 per MWh, allowing BESS operators to retain a larger portion of the price spread as profit, Rystad said.

The lower costs of electricity storage are also driven by technological advancements, as battery manufacturers currently guarantee over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles and more than 80% battery health during that lifespan.

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May 30, 2025
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CyberGrid is committed to energy transition in SEE with its aggregation solutions

Project Manager and Market Intelligence Specialist Nikolaj Candellari from CyberGrid said at the Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 that the company believes in the energy transition in Southeastern Europe and is contributing with its VPP solutions. The Austrian software developer is open to partnerships with aggregators or future aggregators and the region’s electricity transmission and distribution system operators.

CyberGrid connects different energy resources to different markets. It uses cloud-based flexibility management technology and provides software as a service (SaaS).

“Our core belief is that every energy resource should be renewable, or at least green, and flexible. And to support this transition which we are in at the moment, we have developed our own product called CyberNoc,” Project Manager and Market Intelligence Specialist Nikolaj Candellari said at Belgrade Energy Forum (BEF 2025).

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CyberNoc in real time aggregates the assets – batteries, renewables and even loads and is putting them to the markets, Candellari explained.  In this way, the company supports grid stability and resilience and generates additional revenue streams for owners.

“We are heavily present in the region because we believe in this transition in Southeastern Europe. We helped partners in Croatia, Bulgaria and North Macedonia to connect to different markets,” he stressed and added that the firm has established cooperation in Slovenia and Greece.

Candellari called on aggregators or future aggregators, transition and distribution system operators and all other entities in the electricity system to contact CyberGrid.

The company, founded in 2010 and headquartered in Vienna, is one of the friends of the Belgrade Energy Forum, organized in Serbia’s capital city by Balkan Green Energy News.

CyberNoc enables trading, balancing services

CyberNoc manages battery storage, power plants and consumption, optimizing them in line with market and grid conditions. The platform continuously communicates with the transmission system operator (TSO). It facilitates energy trading as well as the provision of balancing services including frequency control reserve (FCR), automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) and manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR).

Candellari also participated in a panel discussion at BEF 2025 called Market Flexibility: The Backbone of a Resilient Energy System. He recalled that the market went from 15-minute time intervals all the way down to just two seconds and stressed the significance of real-time data for TSOs and other participants.

“I think we can connect everything, including households,” Candellari underscored.

Notably, CyberGrid is part of the SPRINT project, launched at the beginning of the year, for the development of innovative quasi-solid-state sodium-ion batteries for stationary purposes. The endeavor received funding through the Horizon Europe program.

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May 29, 2025
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ACER’s Zinglersen: Integrate electricity markets to bolster flexibility as new era is already here

The surge in the number of hours with negative wholesale electricity prices in Europe made 2024 the second consecutive record year. According to ACER’s Director Christian Zinglersen, it means a new era is here. Speaking at Belgrade Energy Forum – BEF 2025, he called on governments, regulators and system operators to tackle the issue with more flexibility and reap the benefits of integrated electricity markets.

At EUR 81 per MWh, the average day-ahead power price in the European Union and Norway was lower last year than in 2021, when the energy crisis began. This is good news, but there are significant differences in price averages across the continent, Director of the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) Christian Zinglersen asserted.

In a keynote speech at Belgrade Energy Forum, BEF 2025, he also pointed out that the percentage of days with significant price swings remained elevated. “This suggests that we need much more short-term flexibility in the system,” Zinglersen said.

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Prices in Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary among highest in Europe

In 2024, the share of time when prices were above EUR 150 per MWh landed at 6.1%, compared to 11.3% in the previous year and 66.7% in 2022. The number of days with price swings greater than EUR 50 per MWh accounted for a strong 70.4% of the total, though down from 77.1% in 2023 and 87.8% one year before.

The average price in Romania was virtually unchanged in 2024. It fell only 1% in Bulgaria and 5% in Hungary. Conversely, the drop was the strongest in Sweden, Norway, France and Belgium: 22% to 39%.

The average day-ahead electricity price in Romania was virtually unchanged last year, while in several countries it tumbled by at least 22%

Last year, prices were the highest across Italy, between EUR 106 per MWh and EUR 112 MWh, in Ireland (EUR 109 per MWh), Romania (EUR 104 per MWh), Bulgaria (EUR 103 per MWh) and Greece and Hungary (both EUR 101 per MWh).

Importantly, 2024 was the second consecutive record year in the number of hours with negative wholesale prices. Their share jumped to 2.8% from 1.9%.

“This is very significant and it shows we are already, in my view, in a new era. We’re not just embarking upon it. We’re there,” Zinglersen stressed.

Photo: ACER

Share of very low wholesale prices rallies back to level from 2020

As for the share of time with very low wholesale prices, it surged last year to 8.8%. The level was last seen in 2020, when the pandemic erupted and resulted in an unprecedented demand shock, ACER’s chief noted. He called on governments, regulators and system operators to tackle the issues with more flexibility.

Grid tariffs increasingly need to show what the system needs, in his view: more time nuance and more locational nuance. “That combination of an energy signal and a tariff signal should hopefully enable us to build more of what we need in the right places, as opposed to build what we don’t need, in the wrong places,” Zinglersen stated.

Integrated markets bring benefits

A policy brief that Brussels-based think tank Bruegel published last year pointed to the benefits of the integration of electricity markets. Among other factors, there is more security with fewer backup power plants and more flexibility with less investment in energy storage, together with lower capital costs. In 2022, ACER, based in Ljubljana, estimated benefits from cross-border trade alone at EUR 34 billion in the EU.

“It has very significant security of supply implications as well, to be in a very integrated-type jurisdiction,” Zinglersen underscored. But integrated markets come with tradeoffs, he said.

One of the examples is an incident in 2021 that split the Continental Europe synchronous area into two parts for an hour and reserves were pulled from across the continent. “But you can also bring the system much more quickly back together again,” Zinglersen said at the conference.

The same goes for the June 2024 blackout in the Balkans.

There are many solutions in Europe, but they are not evenly distributed

ACER’s director also recalled the power price decorrelation that affected Southeastern Europe and Hungary from July to September. He attributed some of the spikes in day-ahead prices to the lack of short-term flexibility, for instance batteries.

There are lots of technical solutions and frameworks in place across Europe, but they are not very evenly distributed, he added.

Zinglersen pointed to the opportunities and benefits of further integrating the electricity market of the Western Balkans region and the EU.

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May 29, 2025
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NGEN showcases solutions at BEF 2025 for decentralized electricity grid of tomorrow

Slovenia-based NGEN, widely regarded as the most innovative energy company in the SEE region, is expanding throughout Europe with its software platforms and equipment, as well as battery energy storage systems for decentralized grids that enable scaling up the decarbonization of the electricity sector. Co-Founder and CEO Roman Bernard said at the Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 that the company is establishing a digital endpoint for every network element. It enables real-time control over production and consumption, preventing blackouts and providing cybersecurity. At the conference, NGEN presented its services for the construction and operation of BESS and access to all segments of the electricity market.

In NGEN’s vision, the electricity system becomes fully digital and decentralized, with every house and business taking an active part in it.

Grid congestion is becoming more frequent, limiting the current rapid deployment of renewables. Most of Europe has centralized networks, where energy flows in one direction, from large power plants to consumers. Grid balancing is still conducted on a 15-minute basis, which is too slow for real-time demand.

NGEN has created platforms for energy that is produced, stored and consumed locally. It is developing a more efficient and reliable environment that can keep up with the scaling up of renewable energy technologies.

Photo: NGEN

NGEN has answers for all challenges of power system

The Slovenia-based company is tackling all current challenges that the power system is facing, Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer Roman Bernard said at Belgrade Energy Forum – BEF 2025. NGEN, the technology sponsor of this year’s conference, operates in nine European countries.

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Pointing to the pace of increase in solar and wind power plant capacity over the past years, Bernard said a centralized system wouldn’t be able to support the overall production and consumption anymore. “We want to make a digital endpoint for every unit that is included in the network. Through it we can communicate and raise or decrease consumption or production,” he explained.

Bernard: Cybersecurity is the most important part of digitalization

It enables control over the system, as otherwise it is in risk of blackouts, while such a transformation also brings significant savings in infrastructure, according to Bernard. He also stressed cybersecurity as the most important part of digitalization.

The CEO of NGEN, which stands for next generation, added that the sector needs to be further regulated across Europe to facilitate the construction of a new kind of infrastructure, as well as to motivate the corporate sector to get involved.

The company’s representatives Marco Scholz and Patrick Simon held a presentation at BEF 2025

Instant frequency response preventing cascading blackouts

In Bernard’s view, now is the time for battery energy storage systems (BESS), after a massive renewables capacity was added to the system in the last seven or eight years. The CEO was one of the panelists at BEF 2025 in a session on flexibility services called Market Flexibility: The Backbone of a Resilient Energy System.

NGEN developed its own software as well as hardware for running decentralized systems, cybersecurity and access to all segments of the energy market. The software has never gone down so far, its representatives said during their presentation at the conference. The firm is a contractor for engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) of BESS, also providing maintenance and operation.

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Its intelligent software ESGP, Energy Smart Grid Platform, provides instant frequency response preventing cascading blackouts. NGEN’s digital platform, called SG Connect, reacts automatically, providing backup in the event of a failure in under 20 milliseconds, enabling real-time grid balancing. At the same time, it monitors and manages in two-second intervals, through the NGEN Synaptic artificial intelligence (AI controller).

It is a plug-and-play module, installed at energy assets, connecting them to ESGP, the transmission system operator (TSO) and all relevant markets, the company said. On the customer side is the SG Connect application.

NGEN has projects of 2 GWh in Europe under development or in construction. As for notable operational facilities, it installed a BESS in Kidričevo in Slovenia, with 35 MW in operating power and 70 MWh in capacity. The facility is about to get an extension of 70 MW – 140 MWh.

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May 28, 2025
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BEF 2025: Digitalization, open markets, time are major preconditions for flexibility services mainstreaming

Digitalization and massive use of data are crucial for providing flexibility services that bring benefits for transmission system operators and renewable energy producers. Aggregators and software firms have developed the technological solutions. However, the process, together with the introduction of flexibility platforms, requires a long time. The reforms also have to be accompanied by market liberalization and end consumers acting as active buyers, according to the participants of Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

The panel on flexibility services called Market Flexibility: The Backbone of a Resilient Energy System was one of eight that were held at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025).

The conference, organized by Balkan Green Energy News, welcomed four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe, and beyond.

“Flexibility has been promoted in Europe as a buzzword, sometimes reflected as demand-side flexibility, but it represents so much more. It includes supply-side flexible assets like hydro, biomass, storage, as well as grid-side flexibility,” according to panel moderator Elena Boškov Kovacs, co-founder and CEO of Blueprint Energy Solutions, and a leading voice on market flexibility in Europe.

Serbia will introduce a flexibility services market

Elena Boškov Kovač and Roman Bernard (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Serbia’s transmission system operator (TSO) Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) is preparing to liberalize the ancillary services market. The country adopted the Law on Energy in November and implemented a large proportion of the European Union’s Electricity Integration Package (EIP) while the remaining parts will be transposed through bylaws.

“The balancing capacity market will be liberalized from next year. We will have new participants – active buyers and independent aggregators,” said Marko Zarić, Head of the Market Operations sector of EMS.

He stressed that the TSO is trying to ensure that no market participant is impaired by engaging flexibility resources or demand side response or a balancing service.

“EMS has finished drafting the new market code, which envisages dual balancing responsibility. We will launch a public debate on the act. The TSO estimates that it is the best solution to open the market of flexibility services,” he noted.

Bernard: Technology is on our side

NGEN CEO Roman Bernard expressed the opinion that the region is moving in the right direction, and suggested to regulators to look around and implement best practices. If the participants in the market are motivated, things will go forward, he added.

Back in 2019-2020, when NGEN started its operations in Slovenia, flexibility services were a pioneering job. The Slovenian energy company, the technology sponsor of the BEF 2025 conference, specializes in premium battery energy storage systems (BESS) and smart energy solutions.

According to Bernard, the balancing services market in the EU is well developed thanks to balancing platforms MARI (Manually Activated Reserves Initiative) and PICASSO (Platform for the International Coordination of Automated Frequency Restoration and Stable System Operation).

“We have 150 employees, and we can do everything. Technology is on our side and the sky’s the limit,” he stressed.

For example, NGEN solutions can provide monetization of battery energy storage systems (BESS), and the only thing that is needed is investors in such facilities.

Digitalization is the only way forward

Roman Bernard, Luka Renko and Magdolna Tokai (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

The representatives of aggregators KOER and Alteo and software company CyberGrid all agreed that digitalization and the use of data are crucial for the energy transition.

Compared to NGEN and its use of BESS, Croatia-based KOER, a pioneer in virtual power plants in the region, is utilizing existing assets, like diesel generators, or employing the flexibility intrinsic to most manufacturing companies; for example, cement factories and wood manufacturers.

Existing assets work well, not just batteries, KOER COO Luka Renko stressed.

The only problem, in his words, is digitalization. The majority of the said firms aren’t ready to connect to the platform to be automatically switched on and off. The markets are getting faster and faster, so digitalization is the only way forward, Renko claimed.

Alteo, a leading Hungarian aggregator, also believes in lots and lots of data, which back up its scheduling and contribute to the security of supply.

Tokai: Alteo is looking for partners in the region

“Our superpower is providing scheduling services with the support of AI, including lots of data,” said Magdolna Tokai, Deputy CEO for International Relations and Corporate Services of Alteo.

Hungary has experienced a photovoltaic boom in the past four or five years, with the installation of almost 8,000 MW. It’s good for greening power production, but not from the perspective of a TSO, and that is where aggregators come into the picture, she added.

Alteo is combining conventional resources like gas-fired power plants with renewables. It currently has 140 MW in renewable resources, it manages 2,000 MW of third-party solar, and operates two virtual power plants. The company is providing the service to small photovoltaic facilities and the TSO.

Alteo is integrating solar energy in a product that is close to baseload, and placing it on the market. It translates to lower balancing costs for solar and a more stable product for the TSO, she explained.

Serbia is facing a challenge from the upcoming 1.2 GW of solar power

Alteo has just started implementing its new strategy for regional growth by exporting know-how on balancing services and providing flexibility to market players.

According to Nikolaj Candellari, Project Manager and Market Intelligence of CyberGrid, real-time data gives a TSO and other market participants the possibility to understand where they are.

He recalled that, over the years, the market went from 15-minute time stamps, down to one minute, and that now it is only two seconds. The improvement helps dealing with challenges, and CyberGrid knows a lot about such issues.

“For Serbia, the challenge comes with 1.2 GW of solar, which will be installed next year. So if you don’t see it as a challenge, ask yourself who needs 1.2 GW of energy at noon on Sunday,” Nikolaj said.

Over its 15 years of existence, CyberGrid developed good examples of how to exchange data with assets and TSOs.

“Assets are always the same, no matter the country, but to have this data exchange with TSOs, or even market platforms, that is something I think we need to do in the future in Southeastern Europe,” he stressed.

How to get to the future: properly liberalize markets

Luka Renko, Magdolna Tokai and Nikolaj Candellari (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Elena Boškov Kovač (Blueprint Energy Solutions) asked the panel participants what the solution is for addressing different types of flexibility assets including prosumers.

“How do we avoid getting stuck in the easy-to-commercialize part of the aggregation, and postpone the true demand response, which is needed to avoid the issues with negative pricing and electricity market swings?” she asked.

There is no dilemma for Nikolaj Candellari (CyberGrid): “I think we can connect everything, including households.”

It is something futuristic, he said. “We have to try to go as low as possible and connect everybody because, in the end, it’s not different if you have a 1 MW battery or 100 smaller residential ones” of 1 MW combined, Candellari asserted.

His company is currently implementing a project to integrate 150 batteries of 2 MW overall and put them on the market.

The batteries can drive the prices for end users down by 25% within five years

Candellari and Roman Bernard (NGEN) alike highlighted the factor of market motivation.

Bernard said motivation is created by the market. The imbalance price can go up to EUR 15,000 per MWh, and it is the signal and the motivation to fix everything, in his opinion.

He is convinced that batteries can lower the prices for end users by 25% within five years if dynamic prices are applied.

According to Nikolaj Candellari, participants will come to the market, as long as it’s not too regulated. As an example of a non-functional market, he mentioned Bulgaria, where the capacity price for downward regulation is zero.

“So, why would anybody join the market, if the capacity price is zero? Get the market running and you will get participants and capacity needed to balance it,” he said.

Tokai: We need a proper energy mix

Magdolna Tokai (Alteo) has a slightly different view of the markets. She recalled that episodes of negative prices are happening in Hungary, while that last August and September very high prices were recorded on HUPX, up to EUR 1,000 per MWh, and above EUR 500 per MWh in Croatia and Serbia.

“We have to be prepared for that, which is data, data, data, and the cooperation of all the market players, providing the proper energy mix, and the proper product for the TSO,” she pointed out.

Marko Zarić (EMS) stressed time as a vital ingredient for developing markets. A transition from the regulated market to the truly open market envisages multiple steps that take time, he said.

Flexibility platforms need time for implementation

Nikolaj Candellari and Marko Zarić (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Another big change are the balancing platforms developed by aggregators. Traditionally, TSOs were buying the same kind of standardized product, for example, SCADA, EMS, and other market applications, with more or less the same kind of functionalities.

Elena Boškov Kovač (Blueprint Energy Solutions) brought up the question of a more standardized approach. “Before we start talking about interoperability and connecting with everything else, would it be good to at least have platforms with similar kinds of functionalities and services provided?” she asked.

According to Luka Renko (KOER), every platform is structured in line with the needs of the operator. The communication platforms are more or less standardized, but it depends on what one needs in the background and what kind of assets they drive.

Piloting a flexibility platform can take years

The two aggregators, KOER and Alteo, developed their platforms because they couldn’t find a ready-made solution on the market.

A platform must have the ability to communicate with any other solution and to integrate new types of power plants and customers, Magdolna Tokai (Alteo) added.

Elena Boškov Kovač (Blueprint Energy Solutions) recalled that her company has implemented flexibility platforms since 2019, at the dawn of the opening of the flexibility market in Europe, and added that pilot projects for them take a long time.

“They require an immense amount of data. There’s a multitude of different stakeholders that need to support this, unlock the data, provide data resources. Piloting is incredibly important, and it can take years,” she pointed out.

Luka Renko (KOER) added that it took his company three to four years to start working as an aggregator in Croatia.

The future is bright, but we need to work on it

The panelists with Branislava Jovičić, Founder and Editor of Balkan Green Energy News (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Summarized, here are the messages of the session’s participants:

Bernard (NGEN): The end consumer will start acting as an active buyer.

Zarić (EMS): We see changes in the future.

Candellari (CyberGrid): Open the markets.

Tokai (Alteo): Give a chance to all market participants and types of production.

Renko (KOER): Digitalization will help.

Elena Boškov Kovač (Blueprint Energy Solutions) praised the companies that had their representatives at the panel for starting to develop solutions ahead of the market reform.

“It’s also a good message to the system of sometimes sleepy energy companies waiting for their proprietary vendors to offer them solutions,” Boškov Kovač stated.

Post Views:53
May 26, 2025
by in News

Battery storage market in SEE emerging, Western Balkans lagging behind with positive prospects

The deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS) across Southeast Europe is progressing at an uneven pace. State subsidies and financing mechanisms have enabled the rapid implementation of BESS solutions in Greece, Romania and Bulgaria, while markets in the Western Balkans are lagging behind. However, the outlook remains positive, as experiences from neighboring markets and best practices from other parts of the European Union can help overcome initial challenges and streamline the deployment process. This was highlighted by participants of the panel dedicated to BESS at the Belgrade Energy Forum.

Among the technologies required for the energy transition, battery energy storage systems (BESS) stand out as a key factor for integrating electricity from intermittent renewable sources – wind and solar power – into the grid. There are few such facilities in Southeastern Europe and the segment is yet to even be fully regulated in the narrower Western Balkans region. The panelists at a session called Energy storage system market in SEE: trends and forecasts, at Belgrade Energy Forum (BEF 2025), outlined the trends in the budding market.

There are more and more cases of low and negative hourly prices in the wholesale electricity market in the region, providing a clear business case for BESS investments. In addition, the grid is often overloaded on weekends and holidays when solar and wind power production is high, given the weak demand.

Managing Director of Go2Power Consulting Goran Vukojević, who moderated the discussion, warned that negative prices may jeopardize system stability as well, if operators of power plants disconnect them from the grid at the same time, to avoid costs.

He highlighted the preparations in Serbia’s transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) for auctions for ancillary services and praised the company for transparency in regulating the competitive process. The other option for battery operators is to participate in the open market.

Managing Director of Go2Power Consulting Goran Vukojević moderated the panel discussion

Region seen with 9 GW of BESS operating power in 2030

Ioanna Barouni from Aurora Energy Research said a total of 40 GW of solar and wind power is expected to be online at the end of 2025 in the SEE region, comprising 12 countries, including Hungary. In 2030, the level is expected to reach 70 GW, which is expected to be doubled to 145 GW by mid-century. As for BESS, projections stand at 9 GW in 2030 and 25 GW in 2050.

Barouni: We miss flexibility and ancillary services for transmission and distribution system operators

The countries of the region are retiring power plants that use fossil fuels, a firm capacity, in Barouni’s words, while adding renewables. “It’s not very easy to predict how the generation profile is going to be during the day, so we miss flexibility and we miss ancillary services for TSOs and DSOs,” she said.

The gap between power prices for midday and the evening is gradually increasing. Barouni explained that batteries “create some artificial demand and absorb these low prices.” At peak demand and with less renewables, a battery can replace expensive fossil fuels, lowering the price.

Ioanna Barouni from Aurora Energy Research (pictured left) and Head of Specialized Lending at UniCredit Bank Serbia Svetlana Cerović

Serbia preparing auctions for ancillary services

Division Manager of transmission system operator (TSO) EMS Nikola Tošić acknowledged that Serbia is preparing auctions for ancillary services. He revealed that there would probably be one auction for 70% of the needed reserve in the first year. The next rounds would be more frequent, shifting toward daily auctions for balancing capacity.

In the verification process, EMS’s System Operation Department will first test the battery, Tošić added. State-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) already provides ancillary services to the TSO, so it won’t require tests, he asserted.

Serbian law defines ancillary services the same as European Union does

EMS drafted the new grid code, and it will publish the draft balancing market code for public discussion soon, according to Tošić. He said the domestic law defines ancillary services in the same way as the EU defines them in its legislation. One part is balancing services: frequency containment reserve (FCR, primary), automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR, secondary) and manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR, tertiary). The other part are non-frequency services – energy.

“We think that it would be good to incentivize the periods of the year or periods of day when the needed amount of reserve is more attractive or more in demand,” Tošić said.

Market Division Manager of EMS Nikola Tošić

Fortis Energy moving ahead with battery investments regardless of government support schemes

Fortis Energy’s Chief Executive Officer for Eastern Europe Nikola Oklobdžija considers the lack of regulation to be the biggest challenge for developers. An investor can currently only focus on charging the batteries when the prices are low and sell when they are high, he underscored.

The Turkey-based company develops photovoltaic, wind power and BESS projects in the region. The first bigger investments in renewable electricity plants with energy storage are the ones that will break the ice, in Oklobdžija’s opinion.

“Of course, it helps if you have a CfD contract, so the banks will look at it more favorably,” he stated. Oklobdžija added that companies need to be able to present revenue to the lenders and what the fees are for renting the capacity or providing different services.

Bankability depends on state support and PPA contracts, cash flow models and insurance

In the meantime, Fortis is examining the experiences in Bulgaria and Greece, which have already held auctions for standalone batteries. Financing a project is easier with a CfD – contract for difference, but the company is determined to push ahead anyway, Oklobdžija stressed.

In North Macedonia it commissioned a solar power plant in Oslomej and recently contracted a BESS to be added to the facility. Oklobdžija said it wasn’t a requirement but that Fortis opted for energy storage because of market pressure with prices and occasional curtailments, like during Easter last month.

The introduction of ancillary services would facilitate the development for standalone battery systems, he explained.

Fortis Energy’s CEO for Eastern Europe Nikola Oklobdžija

Cerović: First there will be more projects for colocated BESS units than for standalone facilities

Head of Specialized Lending at UniCredit Bank Serbia Svetlana Cerović highlighted the intensive activity in Germany and Italy, for instance, but also in neighboring Romania. UniCredit is present in those markets and is analyzing the development of the battery storage market, she pointed out, arguing that the best practices in the EU are the best way for building and financing battery storage.

Cerović said there would first be more projects in the region for BESS colocated with renewable energy plants than standalone units.

She suggested that the proposed investments that include storage should be better pondered at the next renewable energy auction in Serbia. It is in the country’s interest to enable providing flexibility and to support the projects, she said.

There may be a rationale for subsidizing prosumers to add storage in Serbia, Cerović said. Turning to small-scale projects, she expressed the belief that power purchase agreements (PPAs) are “convenient” for them. She is recommending dedicating a certain capacity for the category at the next auction in the country.

The first projects in Serbia, conditioned by energy storage requirements for a grid connection, are in the process of negotiating financing, according to Cerović.

Fire protection is especially significant for insurers

Renewable Energy Insurance Broker (REIB) has insured some 4 GWh of energy storage capacity in Bulgaria and just as much elsewhere in the world, Business Development Manager Dimitar Dimitrov said. Developers should contact insurance companies when the design is done, as well as for cargo insurance, he suggested and added it is particularly important for projects that get subsidies.

“We’re not only insurance brokers, but we’re also investors, which helps us understand a bit more about the clients’ needs, and what we can definitely do more in cases of coverage. Understanding clients’ needs helps us also prevent risks that could occur during certain stages,” Dimitrov stated.

Most insurers prefer at least a six-meter distance between containers or rows of three to four containers holding batteries, he said. It is the most important factor in fire protection, in Dimitrov’s opinion. When the distance is shorter than three meters, a firewall is required for insurance, he explained.

REIB’s Business Development Manager Dimitar Dimitrov

The next segment is construction insurance. For insurance companies, it is not a higher risk profile, Dimitrov asserted. Next, he recommended operational risk insurance including coverage for business disruption, and insurance against cyberattacks. In such events, the grid connection can be damaged, the company’s representative pointed out. “Insurance policies are definitely bankable,” he added.

Bulgaria has completed its tenders for state support to BESS combined with renewable energy plants, and for standalone units. But even before subsidies, batteries have been delivered and facilities are under construction, Dimitrov stressed. Many photovoltaic projects in Bulgaria have emerged in the past few months and most of them include BESS, he said.

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May 26, 2025
by in News

BEF 2025: Technologies for energy transition are here, getting cheaper every day

Technologies for the energy transition already exist, and their use is increasing thanks to falling costs. Investors and bankers claim they are ready to invest and that money isn’t an issue. The missing part are upgraded transmission grids, along with policies and regulations to integrate everything into a suitable environment, according to investors and lenders gathered at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

The third Belgrade Energy Forum, BEF 2025, welcomed four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe, and beyond. The two-day conference was organized by Balkan Green Energy News.

Participants in the panel Energy revolution underway – uniting efforts to deliver green, intelligent, and sustainable energy solutions were Maja Turković, Senior Vice President of CWP Europe, Aleš Prešern, Vice President and Head of Southeast Europe of Siemens Energy, and Christian Beynio, Head of Advisory of Kommunalkredit Austria AG.

According to panel moderator Mirza Kušljugić, a member of the Board of the Regional Center for Sustainable Energy Transition (RESET) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the energy transition is actually a revolution, given the technological changes.

“The region is still burdened by tradition. We know the transition is inevitable, but we aren’t fully aware that it will be disruptive,” Kušljugić stated.

Technology is here, and so is financing

Mirza Kušljugić, Aleš Prešern and Maja Turković (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Maja Turković, Senior Vice President of CWP Europe, stressed that technology, currently undergoing a revolution, is the best card the world has in the transition. She even suggested that financing isn’t a problem and that there are more financial resources available than projects qualified to receive funding.

However, she is surprised by the rapid growth in solar power installations. Turković argued that market-based projects cannot achieve double-digit internal rates of return on equity. Part of the explanation may lie in the fact that panel prices have dropped by 60% over two years.

Battery prices have also fallen. The largest drop was last year, 40%, with a further 5% decline this year alone, according to Turković. Prices have slipped below EUR 100,000 per MWh.

Turković: Regarding CAPEX and technology, we’re ready

The latest trend is the integration of batteries with solar power plants. While transmission system operators in the region still don’t allow it, in some countries a grid connection approved for solar can also be used for batteries. “Regarding CAPEX and technology, we’re ready,” Turković underlined.

Aleš Prešern, Vice President and Head of Southeast Europe in Siemens Energy, is particularly impressed with the speed of change.

“We who are working in the energy sector are used to very slow changes. Energy was a conservative industry. In 2004, 1 GW of solar was built, but now data shows that it is how much is installed in one day. Batteries cost EUR 1 million per MWh not that long ago, and now they are ten times cheaper,” he noted.

Prešern: Transmission networks are the bottleneck of the transition

They are indeed dramatic changes, for which the existing power system wasn’t prepared. It is clear why Siemens Energy, as a technology company, considers transmission networks to be the bottleneck in the transition, Prešern said.

To illustrate the slowness of grid investments, he pointed to Austria, as one of the examples, where it took 10 years to build one important segment of the 400 kV network.

Both Turković and Prešern agree that nowadays the keyword is flexibility.

Maja Turković and Christian Beynio (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

She explained there are operating battery management systems at low voltage levels that incorporate artificial intelligence and use market signals for activation when prices are low.

Prešern added that the required stability through balancing could be provided by gas power plants. Siemens Energy has never seen such high demand for gas turbines like today, he asserted.

Beynio: Don’t forget the non-banking institutions when looking in new financing

“If you ask about availability of financing, yes, it’s there,” Christian Beynio, Head of Advisory at Kommunalkredit Austria AG, confirmed. In his view, prices or, rather, the drop in prices of equipment, is the biggest innovation. Earlier, he said, it was a completely different game, heavily subsidized, while nowadays no subsidies are required per se.

The trend that Kommunalkredit Austria AG identified is the pooling of smaller assets, and a shift from financing projects toward financing developers and companies as corporates. It is yet to come to the region, he added.

Investment in grids, in his words, has to be initiated by the government. They have two solutions – go to the sovereign debt market or engage private investors. “Don’t forget the non-banking institutions when looking for new financing. This is a trend across Europe, and it will be relevant for the Balkans,” Beynio advised.

Battery projects won’t go so smoothly

Aleš Prešern (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Maja Turković expressed the belief that installing batteries won’t go as smoothly as solar. The main reason is the difficulty of securing a stable cash flow for batteries, unlike for production facilities. Cash flow enables financing, so batteries will likely need to be financed with internal funds, she underlined.

Turković noted that batteries are best monetized by providing system services and arbitrage, but pointed out they can also participate in capacity mechanisms, a scheme that could involve power purchase agreements (PPAs).

She said the development of the regulatory framework should be faster, to facilitate investments in batteries. Investors are ready to commit their funds to battery installation, and everyone in the market agrees that batteries are essential, Turković stressed.

Prešern: People and not technology are a guarantee that networks will exist and function properly

Amid the widespread discussions about technology and regulations, Aleš Prešern highlighted another issue. Energy, in his opinion, has always been an exciting sector, but the message hasn’t been getting through to young people in recent years. It was the case not only in the region but also in Europe, and beyond, leading to a shortage of skilled personnel.

However, he expressed the belief that things are changing and enthusiasm is returning. Prešern even suggested it could be a major advantage for the region, well known for its high-quality engineers.

Siemens Energy strives to employ as many good engineers as possible because, ultimately, people and not technology are a guarantee that networks will exist and function properly, he stressed.

The solution is also in using new technologies to better utilize existing grids

Christian Beynio (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

The combination of rapid changes in the energy sector and slow investments in the grids threatens to put the transition to a standstill.

Better utilization of existing infrastructure could be the solution. Siemens Energy fits well there, as several years ago it established a division called Digital Grid. According to Prešern, the idea was to be quicker in data utilization, something that other sectors like automotive have long advanced, while energy has lagged.

The company recently acquired a Slovenian-Austrian firm that produces sensors installed directly on power lines, a technology called dynamic line rating. The devices provide real-time data about the conditions in power lines, potentially enabling their use beyond original design limits.

“With this technology, we believe we can increase the capacity of existing networks by an average of 30%,” Prešern revealed.

New technologies have changed bankers’ jobs as well

New technologies have changed bankers’ jobs as well, Christian Beynio admitted. He recalled that it was easy to finance wind farms in Serbia because they had feed-in tariffs from the government. The only risk element was the wind blowing or not blowing, Beynio said.

Nowadays there are merchant power producers that combine their facilities with batteries and use algorithms in electricity trading, he added. It means bankers need to sit with market consultants to identify all outcomes, he stressed.

“You won’t find singular cash flow streams. It’s going to be multi-dimensional and people simply need to adjust. It’s going to be more short term also on the lending side. It’s rather going to be corporate lending to people and companies who know what they are doing and can credibly demonstrate that with a track record. That is the digitalization impact we see”, Beynio said.

Maja Turković (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)
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May 21, 2025
by in News

Low consumption causes grid failure, power outage in North Macedonia

A grid failure caused a brief power outage in North Macedonia in the early hours on Sunday, May 18. Disruptions at the affected 400/110 kV transformer stations were triggered by high voltage levels in the grid, caused by low consumption, typical for nighttime hours and weekends at this time of year, according to a statement by the country’s transmission system operator, MEPSO.

MEPSO said its teams restored normal electricity supply in about an hour and were working to fully normalize the stability of the power system.

According to the update, grid instability caused by low consumption at nighttime and on weekends is a problem shared by almost all transmission system operators in the region and around Europe.

Bulgaria’s energy minister: Bulgaria played the crucial role in stabilizing North Macedonia’s grid

At the same time, Bulgarian Minister of Energy Zhecho Stankov said that a grid failure had affected several countries in Southeast Europe, though not Bulgaria. He added that his country’s balancing facilities were crucial in stabilizing North Macedonia’s grid, restoring supply, and preventing the crisis from spreading further. In Bulgaria, the Electricity System Operator (ESO) is responsible for the transmission network.

He claimed Serbia and Croatia have also experienced problems due to a lack of balancing facilities. “The colleagues from Serbia also had certain difficulties in the morning hours, and we managed to balance them out,” Stankov stated.

EMS has denied that any disruptions or outages occurred in Serbia

However, Serbia’s transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) told Balkan Green Energy news that the country’s grid did not experience any disruptions or outages and that there was no need for assistance from Bulgaria. EMS said it would not specifically comment on the Bulgarian minister’s statement because it was unclear what it was referring to.

In its reply to Balkan Green Energy News, EMS underscores that there were no consequences for the transmission system of the Republic of Serbia, explaining that EMS, at the request of MEPSO, to facilitate the repairs in North Macedonia, temporarily shut down the 400 kV transmission line between the Vranje 4 transformer station and the North Macedonian border.

Renewables had no share in the problem, according to Stankov

Stankov also stressed that solar power plants did not play a role in the crisis, unlike in Portugal and Spain in late April. The grid failure occurred in the early morning hours and amid low renewable energy generation, he said, adding that “renewable energy had no share in the problem.”

Bulgaria plans to build three new pumped storage hydropower plants

Bulgaria’s system remained stable thanks to its generating and balancing capacities, in Stankov’s view. He told the press that the country possesses 90% of all the reactive energy compensation capabilities in Southeast Europe.

Bulgaria is working with the European Investment Bank (EIB) to build at least three pumped storage hydropower plants in the Rhodope region, aimed at further enhancing regional grid resilience, Stankov pointed out. The minister vowed to keep the country’s grid on standby to support other regional networks in need of stabilization.

Stankov revealed that one such project is being developed for the Vacha dam. The other two pumped storage hydropower plants are planned to be built on the Dospat and Batak dams.

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