October 2, 2025
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European day-ahead power market rolls out 15-minute trading intervals

The Single Day-Ahead Coupling area split its hourly units into 15-minute intervals for electricity trading. The change, affecting most European markets, is aimed at enhancing the integration of renewables by making flexibility and balancing more efficient.

After delays and intensive testing, the European wholesale electricity market switched to a 15-minute market time unit (MTU) from hourly blocks within the Single Day-Ahead Coupling (SDAC) mechanism. The transition was implemented across all bidding zones and bidding zone borders, according to the All NEMOs Committee, gathering nominated electricity market operators.

Thirty transmission system operators were involved in the move, aimed at creating an integrated pan-European cross-zonal day-ahead electricity market. Only Great Britain, Switzerland, the Western Balkans, Turkey and Cyprus, the European Union’s only non-interconnected member state, are outside of the SDAC region.

The first trading sessions were held at power exchanges yesterday, for delivery today. So far there were no indications of glitches with the quarter-hourly products.

A more than a year-long testing campaign for the 15-minute MTU solution included the validation of local, regional and cross-border functionalities, verification of connectivity between parties and confirmation of overall system readiness, the Market Coupling Steering Committee, MCSC, said last month.

Also of note, Cyprus launched its electricity exchange yesterday, with day-ahead, forward and balancing markets. In spot trading, the interval is 30 minutes.

Benefits from trading blocks with shorter intervals

The European Union is pushing the electricity market to improve efficiency by matching production and consumption more accurately. With the rising shares of solar and wind power in the energy mix, the frequency and intensity of fluctuations from weather changes are growing as well.

As the energy transition and digitalization progress, market time units could get shorter and shorter

The 15-minute interval captures the changes better than the one-hour block, reducing balancing needs and costs and freeing up capacity. As the energy transition and digitalization progress, market time units could get shorter and shorter. Importantly, it implies an exponential rise in computing power.

Wind and clouds aren’t very predictable, so unmatched production forecasts cause imbalances. It can burden the intraday market, where they are corrected. Shorter intervals lower the deviations.

Opportunity for battery storage deployment

With 15-minute products, more short-term fluctuations will already be captured in the day-ahead auction, Vattenfall said in a comment.

“Generation and demand can now be mapped much more precisely. We can submit more accurate forecasts, market renewables more effectively, deploy batteries and pumped storage more efficiently, and significantly increase system flexibility,” the company’s Head of Short-Term Asset Optimization Jörg Seidel pointed out.

Consumers could also benefit, according to the Swedish energy producer and supplier. More precise price signals open new savings potential through dynamic tariffs and smart meters, enabling households to use electricity when it is cheapest, it explained. It could make heat pumps, photovoltaic systems, batteries, and electric vehicle charging more efficient and affordable.

“Flexibility is becoming the currency of the energy transition,” Seidel stressed.

Nevertheless, nothing changes for small consumers including households until they get an electricity meter that can track quarter-hourly blocks.

With higher fluctuations in shorter intervals, opportunities arise for operators of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and other storage and balancing technologies, which stabilizes the electricity system. The switch to the 15-minute MTU is mostly beneficial for aggregators as well, reducing their exposure to penalties for failing to meet forecasted levels of production.

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September 12, 2025
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Severe electricity price spikes in SEE in summer 2024 could have been avoided – report

If 70% of the physical capacity of all power lines had been offered for cross-zonal trade by transmission system operators, half of the most severe price spikes or 147 spikes could have been avoided in South-East Europe in the summer of 2024, according to the latest report of the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER).

The 2025 Monitoring Report examines the role of cross-zonal electricity trade in shaping a more integrated and efficient European Union electricity market. It also tracks progress, challenges and benefits in the implementation of the 70% requirement.

During the summer of 2024, the EU saw a significant increase in electricity prices, affecting mostly bidding zones in central and south-eastern Europe. Some countries experienced an unseen price increase on power exchanges, from 50% to 170%.

ACER noted that prices particularly spiked during the evening hours, reaching up to EUR 1,000 per MWh.

The prices were highest in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece

Prices were the highest in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. At the time, Prime Minister of Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis wrote to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Greece, Romania and Bulgaria were preparing a proposal for an intervention mechanism.

According to ACER’s report, during the high-price events, spreads at several bidding zone borders in central Europe rose to unprecedented levels, signalling insufficient availability of cross-zonal capacity to accommodate the market’s need for cross-zonal exchanges.

The 70% requirement would have enabled an average reduction of peak prices by up to EUR 78 per MWh

The authors’ comparison of the average realized day-ahead prices during the evening peaks with the counterfactual scenario showed a considerable mitigation of prices.

It revealed that the implementation of the 70% requirement would have enabled an average reduction of peak prices by up to EUR 78 per MWh in central and south-east bidding zones, underlining the dampening effect of cross-zonal trade, the document reads.

According to ACER, higher availability of cross-zonal capacities in central Europe would have mitigated both the frequency and the severity of the high price events, as cross-zonal trade provides flexibility to the system.

End-2025 deadline is at risk

The 2019 Clean Energy Package introduced a legal requirement on EU electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) to offer at least 70% of their physical capacity on all lines of relevance for cross-zonal trade.

The obligation is intended to maximise cross-zonal trade and mitigate its discrimination over internal trade, ACER explained.

The 70% requirement ensures that domestic electricity flows are not prioritized over cross-border trade, mitigates price spikes, such as those seen in summer 2024 across South-East Europe, and brings significant additional welfare to EU electricity markets, it added.

The agency stressed that the end-2025 deadline is at risk.

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August 19, 2025
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Cyprus TSO favored in national battery storage tender

Pressed by the lack of electricity system flexibility, Cyprus is rushing to deploy battery storage facilities under indirect state control. Private companies are complaining that Transmission System Operator Cyprus (TSOC) is favored at a current tender for three units of 40 MW each.

EMA, the electricity market association of private companies has been trying to hinder or delay the installation of a central battery storage system within the network of state-owned Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC), but to no avail, philenews reported.

After several complaints, including to the European Commission, the group urged the Cyprus Energy Regulatory Authority (CERA) to reconsider the approval that it issued in June to Transmission System Operator Cyprus (TSOC). A tender is underway for the same three facilities with 400 MWh in total capacity, to be installed at three EAC’s substations.

The one in Athalassa would have 40 MW in operating power and a duration of two hours, translating to 80 MWh. The battery energy storage systems (BESS) at the substations in Anatoliko in Paphos (Pafos) and the free industrial zone in Larnaca would each have 40 MW and 160 MWh.

EU gave green light for rushed procedure

EAC owns TSOC, which has raised the issue of transparency. However, the government has obtained a derogation from the European Commission. In its request, it cited the delays in interconnecting with the European electricity grid, lack of energy storage and the instability affecting the island country’s electricity system.

The project for centralized BESS capacities on the transmission grid is an emergency measure to prevent blackouts and curtailments

The Great Sea Interconnector project for a subsea cable to Crete is late and even jeopardized due to breach deadlines. The Cypriot grid is constantly strained as it needs flexibility systems, while a huge part of solar and wind power is curtailed.

There were several major rolling outages and load-shedding events this summer on the island. One last week occurred amid a breakdown in one of the fuel oil–fired power plants, which the country relies on for baseload energy. Two new units of 400 MW overall are designed to use gas, but there is still no gas. Namely, the project for a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal is suffering delays as well.

BESS tender is worth EUR 41 million excluding VAT

As for the tender, applications last until September 19. The cost is estimated at EUR 41 million altogether, excluding value-added tax. The BESS facilities need to operate at least 128 months.

AEC said in the documentation that it expects the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) to support the investment. Earlier reports suggest that EUR 30 million is available.

The government said the three battery energy storage systems are planned to be commissioned by June. EAC’s two power stations are also planned to be equipped with BESS units, it added.

In addition, the government is funding battery storage projects for renewable electricity plants, prosumers and even the army.

Power market liberalization in one month

Notably, Cyprus is liberalizing its power market on September 15 for independent producers and retail suppliers. The change is scheduled to come fully into force on October 1, the first day for transactions.

In a separate article, the same media outlet stressed that the country’s energy policy in the electricity segment is inadequate, uncoordinated and fragmented, with the cost of wrong decisions being passed on to consumers.

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August 8, 2025
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Montenegro’s transmission system operator CGES boosts profit by 28.1%

Montenegro’s transmission system operator CGES achieved a net income of EUR 12.9 million in the first six months of this year. It is 28.1% more than in the same period of 2024 and on a 2.5% higher revenue.

The dedication to quality and operational efficiency is materializing in concrete results, and the outlook remains bright, the management of Montenegro’s electricity transmission system operator (TSO) said. In the semiannual financial report that it published on the website of the Montenegro Stock Exchange, Crnogorski elektroprenosni sistem (CGES) revealed that its total revenue came in at EUR 47.9 million or 2.5% more than in the first half of last year.

Expenditures grew 0.27% to EUR 33.3 million. The company achieved a net income, after tax, of EUR 12.9 million. It is a substantial, 28.1% rise against the result from the equivalent period of 2024.

CGES doesn’t expect that power price volatility and growth would significantly affect its financial stability

“The volatility and growth of electricity prices in the market that was caused by problems in the delivery of oil and gas in Europe, and later with the war in Ukraine, represent a risk affecting a potential increase in costs for the procurement of energy to cover allowed losses in the transmission system; however, without a more pronounced effect on the company’s financial stability throughout the current year. CGES has already launched certain activities to partly mitigate the impact of this risk,” the document said.

The government has a 55.4% stake in CGES. The next-biggest shareholder is Italy’s TSO Terna, which controls 22.1%, while Serbia’s TSO Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) holds 15%.

The Podgorica-based company had a EUR 24.8 million profit in 2024, after EUR 35.7 million the year before.

Of note, CGES signed a letter of intent in March with the two other state-owned electricity companies – power producer Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG) and CEDIS, the country’s distribution system operator (DSO) – on establishing strategic cooperation for the Consolidated Data Center (CDC) project.

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July 1, 2025
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Hungary’s MAVIR commissions 60 MWh battery energy storage system

MAVIR, the Hungarian electricity transmission system operator (TSO), put into operation a battery energy storage system, BESS, of 20 MW in capability and a three-hour cycle. It will help grid security and the integration of renewable energy sources.

After entering the world’s top ten in photovoltaic capacity per capita, Hungary is picking up pace in terms of batteries as well. Energy storage units are coming online to maintain grid stability and bridge the hours between the peaks of daily solar power production and electricity consumption. Transmission system operator MAVIR commissioned a BESS of 20 MW in operating power and a three-hour cycle, translating to 60 MWh in capacity.

The EUR 20.3 million project received support in the form of a grant via the European Union. MET Group also put into operation a similarly-sized BESS last month in Hungary, while MOL Group launched construction of another one.

MAVIR’s battery energy storage system is in Szolnok, southeast from the capital Budapest. The company picked Forest-Vill as the contractor in late 2023. They signed the contract in February 2024. The same firm built MET Group’s BESS and also used equipment from Huawei Technologies.

Investors in BESS in Hungary are benefiting from EU grants

MAVIR’s new facility will contribute to grid security and a more efficient integration of renewable energy sources and support a sustainable, green future, said Deputy Minister of Energy and Parliamentary State Secretary of the Ministry of Energy Gábor Czepek.

The government’s EUR 45.1 million subsidy program for residential and corporate investments resulted in the installation of 12,000 batteries in households of 109 MWh in total, the official pointed out. Hungary now hosts 114 MW in battery capability.

Czepek estimated that the grants would bring 1 GW online by 2030, as targeted. Another call, of EUR 12.5 million, will soon be launched for energy storage for the industrial sector, he stressed.

Notably, the Ministry of Energy said solar power production reached 6.25 GW around noon on June 25. It was more than the country’s entire electricity demand at the time, it added.

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June 27, 2025
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Solar power exceeds Bulgaria’s entire electricity demand for first time

For the first time, photovoltaic production alone surpassed power consumption in Bulgaria – for two hours. Interestingly, even more electricity was exported at the same time.

On Friday, June 20, the active photovoltaic capacity in Bulgaria between 10:00 and 11:00 before noon was 2,935 MW, and in the following hour it grew to 3,230 MW, state news agency BTA reported. According to data from the Electricity System Operator (ESO) and the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E), it exceeded the country’s entire consumption for the first time ever, by 17 MW and 313 MW, respectively.

Even more electricity was exported at the same time, as total domestic production amounted to 6,567 MW and 6,736 MW.

Of note, not all solar power went to Bulgarian consumers, given that some traders and customers have long-term contracts with other suppliers, like the National Electricity Co. (NEK) and nuclear power plant Kozloduy, the article adds.

“This is a significant event and a great success for Bulgaria and the Bulgarian energy sector. Positioning us this way – as a leading country in the production of photovoltaic energy – not only supports the implementation and fulfillment of the commitments that Bulgaria has made for decarbonization, but it also has a positive effect on the country’s investment climate. Thanks to the solar energy that we transform into electricity, we are modernizing the entire Bulgarian energy sector,” Chairwoman of the Bulgarian Photovoltaic Association Meglena Rusenova commented.

Photovoltaics are perhaps the fastest-growing private investment sector in Bulgaria, she said.

Photovoltaics are biggest factor lowering prices at the electricity exchange

Over the past two years, over EUR 2 billion have been invested in electricity production, according to Rusenova. On top of that there are capital investments in energy storage and infrastructure, she pointed out.

Solar energy contributes to reducing prices for end users, and in practice, photovoltaics are the most significant factor for lower prices on the Independent Bulgarian Energy Exchange (IBEX), Rusenova underscored.

According to ESO, a total of 3.5 GW of photovoltaic capacity has been connected in the last three years, bringing the total to 4.7 GW.

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June 24, 2025
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North Macedonia, Kosovo* planning 400 kV power interconnection

The transmission system operators (TSOs) of North Macedonia and Kosovo* are developing a project for a 400 kV interconnection line between Tetovo and Prizren. The investment would include other grid upgrades and expansion.

Director-General of North Macedonia’s MEPSO Burim Latifi and Acting Chief Executive Officer of Transmission, System and Market Operator (KOSTT) of Kosovo* Shaban Neziri signed a memorandum of cooperation in Skopje. The two transmission system operators intend to jointly upgrade the high-voltage network. The emphasis is on a strategic project for a 400 kV interconnection line from Tetovo to Prizren.

The endeavor aligns with the European Union’s energy transition goals by 2050, North Macedonia’s TSO said. The project is nominated through the planning platform of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) for increasing transmission capacities.

New interconnection to encourage investments in renewables

North Macedonia and Kosovo* have only one interconnection now, of 220 kV. According to ENTSO-E, Southeastern Europe needs to at least double transmission capacities and, in some cases, increase them even more than that, MEPSO stressed.

On that note, the bilateral project includes additional investments in the transmission network, such as the construction of a 400/110 kV transformer station in Tetovo, in North Macedonia’s northwest, and 400 kV transmission lines from Tetovo to Ohrid and Skopje.

“The 400 kV Tetovo-Prizren transmission line project will not only increase the system’s capacity and reliability but also enable greater electricity exchange, encouraging new investments in renewable energy sources,” Latifi said.

Investment to bolster East-West energy corridor

Regarding the other benefits, the heads of the two TSOs agreed that the project would bolster the transmission infrastructure in the region, strengthen the so-called East-West energy corridor and improve system flexibility.

The new document confirms the joint commitment to creating a modern and reliable energy infrastructure, Neziri stressed. “With this project, we are enhancing energy connectivity in the region and contributing to achieving the energy goals of the Western Balkans,” he added.

Strong interconnections are essential for the integration of the electricity market in the Western Balkans

The project is in the planning and technical preparation phase. The start of construction depends on securing financial resources and coordination with all relevant stakeholders, MEPSO explained.

Strong interconnections are essential for the integration of the electricity systems and markets in the region with the EU, through market coupling. Together with Albania and Greece, North Macedonia and Kosovo* are part of one such regional project, which has been suffering delays.

Market coupling is a prerequisite for the exemption of the power markets in the Western Balkans and the rest of the Energy Community from the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, or CBAM, under which a CO2 tax is set to start being charged on January 1.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
June 19, 2025
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Spain’s voltage control was insufficient at time of April blackout

The Government of Spain said the total blackout in the Iberian Peninsula, which occurred on April 28, was caused by overvoltage, with several factors contributing to the crash. Notably, the system run by the country’s TSO Red Eléctrica de España lacked sufficient voltage control. Deputy Prime Minister Sara Aagesen even said the point of no return could have been avoided if voltage control action had been taken earlier.

In a long-awaited document, a government committee that investigated the April 28 collapse of the Iberian electricity network ruled out that a cyberattack caused it. The panel analyzed more than 300 gigabytes of data related to the total blackout, which was one of the worst ever in Europe.

“In 49 days, practically half the timeframe established by the EU, the committee has provided a rigorous and verified diagnosis that will allow us to strengthen the electricity system, a solid foundation on which we can work to design rapid responses to prevent this from happening again. Next week’s Council of Ministers will approve several relevant measures,” said Third Vice-President of the Government of Spain and Minister for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge Sara Aagesen.

The cybersecurity investigation, the largest ever undertaken in the country, did identify vulnerabilities that could expose networks or systems to future risks, she asserted.

The blame game is continuing as citizens and businesses are demanding accountability for the massive damage. The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) issued a preliminary report two weeks after the incident.

Overvoltage caused the blackout, according to the new analysis. The committee attributed it to multiple factors. The system had insufficient voltage control capacity, there were frequency oscillations, and power plants were disconnected, “in some cases in an apparently improper manner,” the document reads.

Renewables accounted for 82% of power generation mix just before blackout

The Iberian grid crashed at 12:33. Restoration began with energy from France and Morocco and with self-starting hydroelectric plants in the Duero basin and other locations, which formed energy islands. By 22:00, nearly 50% of demand in Spain was met, reaching 99.95% by 7:00 the next day.

At 12:30 on April 28, renewable energy sources accounted for 82% of the electricity generation mix, followed by nuclear power (10%). Gas plants had a 3% share, coal contributed 1%, while cogeneration and waste amounted to a combined 4%.

Data show a drop in solar generation as prices at the power exchange were going negative, and it coincided with a rise in voltages

There was significant voltage volatility in the transmission system in the morning on the day of the blackout, the document’s authors noted, pointing out that such a situation was also registered on April 22 and 24.

The rise in voltages between 10:30 and 11:10 coincided with a drop in solar generation, probably due to the power market signals, as wholesale prices went negative, the report adds. At the same time, the direction of the exchange with France switched from exports to imports.

Voltage control fleet failed to contain chain reaction

At 12:03, there was an atypical frequency oscillation, by 0.6 hertz, causing large voltage fluctuations for 4.42 minutes. Another one, of 0.2 hertz, occurred at 12:16, followed by an equivalent one at 12:19.

Red Eléctrica de España, the transmission system operator (TSO), conducted mitigation measures, which contributed to the rise in voltages, the committee underscored.

Aagesen said the point of no return could have been avoided if voltage control action had been taken earlier. The government controls 20% of the company, which is listed on the Bolsa de Madrid stock exchange.

At 12:32, voltage began to rise rapidly and steadily, and numerous progressive disconnections of generation facilities were recorded. The names of all power plants in the document are blacked out.

A number of units responsible for voltage control produced reactive power, the opposite of what they were supposed to

The chain reaction could not be contained, as each disconnection contributed to further voltage increases, the analysis showed. A drop in frequency resulted in the loss of synchronization with France, tripping the interconnection with the rest of the continent.

The committee stressed that the number of synchronous plants regulating voltage on the day of the incident was the lowest since the beginning of the year. One of the 10 units that Red Eléctrica scheduled the day before experienced an outage on the same afternoon, and the TSO didn’t replace it in time, the analysis reveals.

Moreover, several units in the group did not respond adequately to the TSO’s instructions to reduce the voltage. Some even produced reactive power, the opposite of what was required, contributing to the issue, the committee added.

Some power plants went offline too early

There were disconnections of the generating power plants that occurred before the voltage thresholds in the 400 kV system were exceeded (380 kV and 435 kV), the report finds.

Among the committee’s recommendations is to allow asynchronous installations to apply power electronics solutions to manage voltage fluctuations. The panel proposed boosting demand, flexibility, storage and interconnection capacities.

Photovoltaics with grid-forming inverters, storage can contribute to voltage control

Photovoltaics are already capable of controlling voltage, but regulations did not allow the application of the technology, according to the Spanish Photovoltaic Union (UNEF), Portuguese Renewable Energy Association (APREN), SolarPower Europe, Global Solar Council and Global Renewables Alliance.

In a joint statement that they issued as a reaction to the report, they called for accelerated investment in grid resilience and system flexibility – especially through grid-forming inverters and battery storage.

The associations recalled that Spain ranked 14th last year in Europe in new battery capacity. Less than 250 MWh came online and nearly all were smaller-scale batteries, not at a utility level. It compares to 9 GW of solar power capacity that the country added in 2024.

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May 26, 2025
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Battery storage market in SEE emerging, Western Balkans lagging behind with positive prospects

The deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS) across Southeast Europe is progressing at an uneven pace. State subsidies and financing mechanisms have enabled the rapid implementation of BESS solutions in Greece, Romania and Bulgaria, while markets in the Western Balkans are lagging behind. However, the outlook remains positive, as experiences from neighboring markets and best practices from other parts of the European Union can help overcome initial challenges and streamline the deployment process. This was highlighted by participants of the panel dedicated to BESS at the Belgrade Energy Forum.

Among the technologies required for the energy transition, battery energy storage systems (BESS) stand out as a key factor for integrating electricity from intermittent renewable sources – wind and solar power – into the grid. There are few such facilities in Southeastern Europe and the segment is yet to even be fully regulated in the narrower Western Balkans region. The panelists at a session called Energy storage system market in SEE: trends and forecasts, at Belgrade Energy Forum (BEF 2025), outlined the trends in the budding market.

There are more and more cases of low and negative hourly prices in the wholesale electricity market in the region, providing a clear business case for BESS investments. In addition, the grid is often overloaded on weekends and holidays when solar and wind power production is high, given the weak demand.

Managing Director of Go2Power Consulting Goran Vukojević, who moderated the discussion, warned that negative prices may jeopardize system stability as well, if operators of power plants disconnect them from the grid at the same time, to avoid costs.

He highlighted the preparations in Serbia’s transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) for auctions for ancillary services and praised the company for transparency in regulating the competitive process. The other option for battery operators is to participate in the open market.

Managing Director of Go2Power Consulting Goran Vukojević moderated the panel discussion

Region seen with 9 GW of BESS operating power in 2030

Ioanna Barouni from Aurora Energy Research said a total of 40 GW of solar and wind power is expected to be online at the end of 2025 in the SEE region, comprising 12 countries, including Hungary. In 2030, the level is expected to reach 70 GW, which is expected to be doubled to 145 GW by mid-century. As for BESS, projections stand at 9 GW in 2030 and 25 GW in 2050.

Barouni: We miss flexibility and ancillary services for transmission and distribution system operators

The countries of the region are retiring power plants that use fossil fuels, a firm capacity, in Barouni’s words, while adding renewables. “It’s not very easy to predict how the generation profile is going to be during the day, so we miss flexibility and we miss ancillary services for TSOs and DSOs,” she said.

The gap between power prices for midday and the evening is gradually increasing. Barouni explained that batteries “create some artificial demand and absorb these low prices.” At peak demand and with less renewables, a battery can replace expensive fossil fuels, lowering the price.

Ioanna Barouni from Aurora Energy Research (pictured left) and Head of Specialized Lending at UniCredit Bank Serbia Svetlana Cerović

Serbia preparing auctions for ancillary services

Division Manager of transmission system operator (TSO) EMS Nikola Tošić acknowledged that Serbia is preparing auctions for ancillary services. He revealed that there would probably be one auction for 70% of the needed reserve in the first year. The next rounds would be more frequent, shifting toward daily auctions for balancing capacity.

In the verification process, EMS’s System Operation Department will first test the battery, Tošić added. State-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) already provides ancillary services to the TSO, so it won’t require tests, he asserted.

Serbian law defines ancillary services the same as European Union does

EMS drafted the new grid code, and it will publish the draft balancing market code for public discussion soon, according to Tošić. He said the domestic law defines ancillary services in the same way as the EU defines them in its legislation. One part is balancing services: frequency containment reserve (FCR, primary), automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR, secondary) and manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR, tertiary). The other part are non-frequency services – energy.

“We think that it would be good to incentivize the periods of the year or periods of day when the needed amount of reserve is more attractive or more in demand,” Tošić said.

Market Division Manager of EMS Nikola Tošić

Fortis Energy moving ahead with battery investments regardless of government support schemes

Fortis Energy’s Chief Executive Officer for Eastern Europe Nikola Oklobdžija considers the lack of regulation to be the biggest challenge for developers. An investor can currently only focus on charging the batteries when the prices are low and sell when they are high, he underscored.

The Turkey-based company develops photovoltaic, wind power and BESS projects in the region. The first bigger investments in renewable electricity plants with energy storage are the ones that will break the ice, in Oklobdžija’s opinion.

“Of course, it helps if you have a CfD contract, so the banks will look at it more favorably,” he stated. Oklobdžija added that companies need to be able to present revenue to the lenders and what the fees are for renting the capacity or providing different services.

Bankability depends on state support and PPA contracts, cash flow models and insurance

In the meantime, Fortis is examining the experiences in Bulgaria and Greece, which have already held auctions for standalone batteries. Financing a project is easier with a CfD – contract for difference, but the company is determined to push ahead anyway, Oklobdžija stressed.

In North Macedonia it commissioned a solar power plant in Oslomej and recently contracted a BESS to be added to the facility. Oklobdžija said it wasn’t a requirement but that Fortis opted for energy storage because of market pressure with prices and occasional curtailments, like during Easter last month.

The introduction of ancillary services would facilitate the development for standalone battery systems, he explained.

Fortis Energy’s CEO for Eastern Europe Nikola Oklobdžija

Cerović: First there will be more projects for colocated BESS units than for standalone facilities

Head of Specialized Lending at UniCredit Bank Serbia Svetlana Cerović highlighted the intensive activity in Germany and Italy, for instance, but also in neighboring Romania. UniCredit is present in those markets and is analyzing the development of the battery storage market, she pointed out, arguing that the best practices in the EU are the best way for building and financing battery storage.

Cerović said there would first be more projects in the region for BESS colocated with renewable energy plants than standalone units.

She suggested that the proposed investments that include storage should be better pondered at the next renewable energy auction in Serbia. It is in the country’s interest to enable providing flexibility and to support the projects, she said.

There may be a rationale for subsidizing prosumers to add storage in Serbia, Cerović said. Turning to small-scale projects, she expressed the belief that power purchase agreements (PPAs) are “convenient” for them. She is recommending dedicating a certain capacity for the category at the next auction in the country.

The first projects in Serbia, conditioned by energy storage requirements for a grid connection, are in the process of negotiating financing, according to Cerović.

Fire protection is especially significant for insurers

Renewable Energy Insurance Broker (REIB) has insured some 4 GWh of energy storage capacity in Bulgaria and just as much elsewhere in the world, Business Development Manager Dimitar Dimitrov said. Developers should contact insurance companies when the design is done, as well as for cargo insurance, he suggested and added it is particularly important for projects that get subsidies.

“We’re not only insurance brokers, but we’re also investors, which helps us understand a bit more about the clients’ needs, and what we can definitely do more in cases of coverage. Understanding clients’ needs helps us also prevent risks that could occur during certain stages,” Dimitrov stated.

Most insurers prefer at least a six-meter distance between containers or rows of three to four containers holding batteries, he said. It is the most important factor in fire protection, in Dimitrov’s opinion. When the distance is shorter than three meters, a firewall is required for insurance, he explained.

REIB’s Business Development Manager Dimitar Dimitrov

The next segment is construction insurance. For insurance companies, it is not a higher risk profile, Dimitrov asserted. Next, he recommended operational risk insurance including coverage for business disruption, and insurance against cyberattacks. In such events, the grid connection can be damaged, the company’s representative pointed out. “Insurance policies are definitely bankable,” he added.

Bulgaria has completed its tenders for state support to BESS combined with renewable energy plants, and for standalone units. But even before subsidies, batteries have been delivered and facilities are under construction, Dimitrov stressed. Many photovoltaic projects in Bulgaria have emerged in the past few months and most of them include BESS, he said.

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May 26, 2025
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BEF 2025: Technologies for energy transition are here, getting cheaper every day

Technologies for the energy transition already exist, and their use is increasing thanks to falling costs. Investors and bankers claim they are ready to invest and that money isn’t an issue. The missing part are upgraded transmission grids, along with policies and regulations to integrate everything into a suitable environment, according to investors and lenders gathered at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

The third Belgrade Energy Forum, BEF 2025, welcomed four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe, and beyond. The two-day conference was organized by Balkan Green Energy News.

Participants in the panel Energy revolution underway – uniting efforts to deliver green, intelligent, and sustainable energy solutions were Maja Turković, Senior Vice President of CWP Europe, Aleš Prešern, Vice President and Head of Southeast Europe of Siemens Energy, and Christian Beynio, Head of Advisory of Kommunalkredit Austria AG.

According to panel moderator Mirza Kušljugić, a member of the Board of the Regional Center for Sustainable Energy Transition (RESET) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the energy transition is actually a revolution, given the technological changes.

“The region is still burdened by tradition. We know the transition is inevitable, but we aren’t fully aware that it will be disruptive,” Kušljugić stated.

Technology is here, and so is financing

Mirza Kušljugić, Aleš Prešern and Maja Turković (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Maja Turković, Senior Vice President of CWP Europe, stressed that technology, currently undergoing a revolution, is the best card the world has in the transition. She even suggested that financing isn’t a problem and that there are more financial resources available than projects qualified to receive funding.

However, she is surprised by the rapid growth in solar power installations. Turković argued that market-based projects cannot achieve double-digit internal rates of return on equity. Part of the explanation may lie in the fact that panel prices have dropped by 60% over two years.

Battery prices have also fallen. The largest drop was last year, 40%, with a further 5% decline this year alone, according to Turković. Prices have slipped below EUR 100,000 per MWh.

Turković: Regarding CAPEX and technology, we’re ready

The latest trend is the integration of batteries with solar power plants. While transmission system operators in the region still don’t allow it, in some countries a grid connection approved for solar can also be used for batteries. “Regarding CAPEX and technology, we’re ready,” Turković underlined.

Aleš Prešern, Vice President and Head of Southeast Europe in Siemens Energy, is particularly impressed with the speed of change.

“We who are working in the energy sector are used to very slow changes. Energy was a conservative industry. In 2004, 1 GW of solar was built, but now data shows that it is how much is installed in one day. Batteries cost EUR 1 million per MWh not that long ago, and now they are ten times cheaper,” he noted.

Prešern: Transmission networks are the bottleneck of the transition

They are indeed dramatic changes, for which the existing power system wasn’t prepared. It is clear why Siemens Energy, as a technology company, considers transmission networks to be the bottleneck in the transition, Prešern said.

To illustrate the slowness of grid investments, he pointed to Austria, as one of the examples, where it took 10 years to build one important segment of the 400 kV network.

Both Turković and Prešern agree that nowadays the keyword is flexibility.

Maja Turković and Christian Beynio (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

She explained there are operating battery management systems at low voltage levels that incorporate artificial intelligence and use market signals for activation when prices are low.

Prešern added that the required stability through balancing could be provided by gas power plants. Siemens Energy has never seen such high demand for gas turbines like today, he asserted.

Beynio: Don’t forget the non-banking institutions when looking in new financing

“If you ask about availability of financing, yes, it’s there,” Christian Beynio, Head of Advisory at Kommunalkredit Austria AG, confirmed. In his view, prices or, rather, the drop in prices of equipment, is the biggest innovation. Earlier, he said, it was a completely different game, heavily subsidized, while nowadays no subsidies are required per se.

The trend that Kommunalkredit Austria AG identified is the pooling of smaller assets, and a shift from financing projects toward financing developers and companies as corporates. It is yet to come to the region, he added.

Investment in grids, in his words, has to be initiated by the government. They have two solutions – go to the sovereign debt market or engage private investors. “Don’t forget the non-banking institutions when looking for new financing. This is a trend across Europe, and it will be relevant for the Balkans,” Beynio advised.

Battery projects won’t go so smoothly

Aleš Prešern (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Maja Turković expressed the belief that installing batteries won’t go as smoothly as solar. The main reason is the difficulty of securing a stable cash flow for batteries, unlike for production facilities. Cash flow enables financing, so batteries will likely need to be financed with internal funds, she underlined.

Turković noted that batteries are best monetized by providing system services and arbitrage, but pointed out they can also participate in capacity mechanisms, a scheme that could involve power purchase agreements (PPAs).

She said the development of the regulatory framework should be faster, to facilitate investments in batteries. Investors are ready to commit their funds to battery installation, and everyone in the market agrees that batteries are essential, Turković stressed.

Prešern: People and not technology are a guarantee that networks will exist and function properly

Amid the widespread discussions about technology and regulations, Aleš Prešern highlighted another issue. Energy, in his opinion, has always been an exciting sector, but the message hasn’t been getting through to young people in recent years. It was the case not only in the region but also in Europe, and beyond, leading to a shortage of skilled personnel.

However, he expressed the belief that things are changing and enthusiasm is returning. Prešern even suggested it could be a major advantage for the region, well known for its high-quality engineers.

Siemens Energy strives to employ as many good engineers as possible because, ultimately, people and not technology are a guarantee that networks will exist and function properly, he stressed.

The solution is also in using new technologies to better utilize existing grids

Christian Beynio (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

The combination of rapid changes in the energy sector and slow investments in the grids threatens to put the transition to a standstill.

Better utilization of existing infrastructure could be the solution. Siemens Energy fits well there, as several years ago it established a division called Digital Grid. According to Prešern, the idea was to be quicker in data utilization, something that other sectors like automotive have long advanced, while energy has lagged.

The company recently acquired a Slovenian-Austrian firm that produces sensors installed directly on power lines, a technology called dynamic line rating. The devices provide real-time data about the conditions in power lines, potentially enabling their use beyond original design limits.

“With this technology, we believe we can increase the capacity of existing networks by an average of 30%,” Prešern revealed.

New technologies have changed bankers’ jobs as well

New technologies have changed bankers’ jobs as well, Christian Beynio admitted. He recalled that it was easy to finance wind farms in Serbia because they had feed-in tariffs from the government. The only risk element was the wind blowing or not blowing, Beynio said.

Nowadays there are merchant power producers that combine their facilities with batteries and use algorithms in electricity trading, he added. It means bankers need to sit with market consultants to identify all outcomes, he stressed.

“You won’t find singular cash flow streams. It’s going to be multi-dimensional and people simply need to adjust. It’s going to be more short term also on the lending side. It’s rather going to be corporate lending to people and companies who know what they are doing and can credibly demonstrate that with a track record. That is the digitalization impact we see”, Beynio said.

Maja Turković (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)
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