May 26, 2025
by in News

BEF 2025: Corporates’ education, product diversification crucial to speed-up PPA uptake

Capacity building and education for corporates, together with product diversification and an upgrade of the regulatory framework, could clear the obstacles for power purchase agreements in the Western Balkans, which are lagging behind the other countries in Southeast Europe. In addition to their other benefits, such contracts could contribute to securing baseload energy from hybrid facilities, given that baseload is a key issue for the decarbonization of the region, according to the participants of a panel on power purchase agreements, held at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025).

BEF 2025 has gathered four hundred participants from more than 30 countries in the region, Europe, and beyond.

The panel PPAs as a key to renewable energy growth in SEE featured stakeholders from all segments of the PPA market: developers, corporates, utilities and consultants. The discussion comprised five segments – the global trends, main drivers, the region’s specifics, challenges and trends, and the implications of the model.

The panel’s moderator was Mislav Slade-Šilović, Energy, Utilities & Resources Consulting Leader for Southeast Europe and member of the core PPA team at the consultancy PwC.

Global trends: PPAs are hot, but the solar capture rate is becoming an issue

Mislav Slade-Šilović, Joffroy Beckers and Nikola Gazdov

According to Natalija Ljubić, Manager of PPA & BESS Transactions at Pexapark, PPAs are still hot in Europe. On a monthly basis, between 500 MW and 2,000 MW of new PPAs are signed (15 to 30 deals). She referred to long-term, fixed-price PPAs considered bankable and publicly announced. There is much more together with short-term PPAs, for two to three years.

There is an impression that everything comes down to corporate PPAs, but there are many utility PPAs that aren’t always made public, she added.

The majority are physical PPAs but Pexapark is registering more and more financial PPAs. In 2025, almost 20% of all the announced PPAs were financial, whereas a couple of years ago, they made up 5% to 10%. There are more pay-as-produced contracts than the monthly ones for baseload energy.

Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) added that 70% of PPAs in SEE are virtual or financial.

It’s quite challenging in the region to find a creditworthy counterparty on the consumer side

For developer Joffroy Beckers, Head of PPA at DRI, it’s quite challenging to find a creditworthy counterparty on the consumer side of the market in the region comprising Greece, Bulgaria and Romania. So when the firm wants to speed things up with selling its electricity, it goes to utilities or traders.

Negative prices are emerging in the region, with much more cannibalization for solar in the long term, he added.

According to Bulgaria’s Association for Production, Storage, and Trading of Electricity – APSTE, the situation in the region is different than five years ago. “There were zero PPAs in the region, but now they start to get common. Paradoxically, the conditions start getting much more and more complex,” chairman Nikola Gazdov said.

Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) pointed to the decline in the solar capture rate – the ratio of the price of solar power and wholesale price. It is spilling over to the PPA price and increasing its complexity, and solar PPAs are generally more complex than the ones for wind power, he added.

Main drivers: Different priorities ask for different PPA models

Natalija Ljubić, Ivana Đurović and Davor Pupovac

For Ivana Đurović, Category Manager Renewable Energy at Knauf Group, PPAs are a game changer in energy procurement because essentially it’s no longer just about buying energy or hedging. “Now corporate PPAs bring the long-term deal, so they even extend the tenure for those hedging, and they also allow us to achieve our sustainability targets,” she explained.

PPAs aren’t for companies with consumption below 30 GWh or 40 GWh per year, while branding and cost savings are often the reasons for companies to sign them.

Such factors determine the PPA product that the offtaker opts for, Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) stressed.

According to Nikola Gazdov (APSTE), in the region comprising Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece, PPAs are usually signed by corporates that have some ESG commitments or want to show their clients and customers that they are thinking green.

The key feature of a PPA is the partnership between two companies

As examples of the various kinds of deals, he mentioned a physical PPA with an electricity-intensive consumer, virtual PPA with a telecom and a PPA with a big international company producing tires, combining the two types.

As a developer, DRI is modifying its strategy toward a mixed portfolio. Instead offering a solar asset for a PPA, it adds wind power plants and combines different technologies into a single contract. “It allows us to capture a better price, and this is also usually more beneficial for the off-taker. The second thing is that we’re trying to keep this upside in our PPA by entering a floor price instead of a fixed price,” Joffroy Beckers (DRI) revealed.

For Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) the key characteristic of a PPA is the partnership between two companies. It needs to be balanced, to ensure that both parties can fulfill throughout the tenure. If one goes bankrupt, then it doesn’t make sense for both parties, he underlined.

The specifics in the region: Corporates need to learn, PPAs should be more diverse

Nikola Gazdov, Natalija Ljubić and Ivana Đurović

Serbia’s state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) has been signing a lot of PPAs. However, the difference from the conventional deals is that they are based on premiums. But according to Davor Pupovac, head of the company’s market analysis and risk management, it is interested in corporate PPAs that don’t include government support. There is not much interest among consumers for corporate PPAs with EPS, he revealed.

Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) said the role of EPS and big power utilities is very important in developing the PPA market. A dominant supplier in a market has a critical role, either as a sleever or as someone that will provide B2B products to off-takers and developers or producers for entering the market, he said.

Joffroy Beckers (DRI) agreed with him about the role of big utilities in facilitating PPAs and expressed the belief that in the near future, they would get a larger share as intermediaries.

Asked if corporate PPAs are coming anytime soon in Serbia, Davor Pupovac (EPS) said: “Not so soon.” However, he claimed EPS wouldn’t lose consumers regardless of the fact that it has no such product.

Corporates aren’t super ready for PPAs because they are seeking stability when it comes to the energy price

In Ivana Đurović’s (Knauf) view, there are several reasons for the slow uptake of corporate PPAs in the Western Balkans. Corporate buyers aren’t super ready for PPAs because they are seeking stability when it comes to the energy price, but the pay-as-produced PPA model is dominant in the market, which doesn’t ensure price stability. Monthly baseload deals would enable more price stability.

A bigger offtake through PPAs requires corporates to build their capacity for closing such deals and for the offer to be more diverse, she stressed.

Natalija Ljubić (Pexapark) agreed with her and suggested that companies need to understand more about the risks and accounting. Also, not many corporates are willing to enter five- to ten-year agreements as they don’t know their demand or costs that far ahead, Ljubić underlined.

Challenges, risks: Management boards are delving into energy-related topics in detail

Ivana Đurović and Davor Pupovac

Creditworthiness is one of the key challenges, Joffroy Beckers (DRI) said. As he sees it, credit insurance could be key, providing a kind of a state guarantee. Nikola Gazdov (APSTE) again stressed education. He also recalled that all European countries needed time to get along with PPAs.

“But coming to credit risk, I think that now we also see the European Commission taking note of the situation,” Gazdov noted.

As for education, Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) said it requires one to two years. Management boards of companies from different industries on the offtake side are forced to delve into energy-related topics in detail, he noted.

There are practically no obstacles for PPAs in Serbia

Slade-Šilović asked EPS’s representative whether the utility is prepared to offer B2B products, arguing that they go hand-in-hand with PPA market development.

Davor Pupovac (EPS) responded that there are practically no obstacles to PPAs in Serbia. Namely, there is an electricity exchange, EPS is willing to sign contracts with developers for sleeving or balancing, the guarantees of origin (GO) system is in place, and EPS is active on power exchanges in the region as a producer and supplier.

“EPS could also offer a route to market to the off-taker. However, currently, it cannot offer access to the spot or forward market,” he explained.

Coming from a corporate electricity consumer, Ivana Đurović (Knauf) was curious what EPS could offer to a perfect corporate off-taker asking for a physical PPA. Pupovac answered that currently it would be a pay-as-produced deal.

What does the implementation bring us: hybrid combinations open the room for innovative deals

Joffroy Beckers, Nikola Gazdov and Natalija Ljubić

Mislav-Slade Šilović (PwC) summarized the landscape. “If you look at the broader EU situation and challenges, especially with solar capture rates, negative prices, we are now already discussing technology advanced structures including batteries and other hybrid solutions on the PPA side,” he underlined.

Natalija Ljubić (Pexapark) pointed out that last month in Germany the solar capture rate was just 40%, calling it almost unbearable for photovoltaic projects. All developers or energy producers, especially in the solar power sphere, are seriously considering adding batteries, while projects for standalone battery storage facilities are appearing, in her words.

She and Nikola Gazdov (APSTE) agreed that the outcome is a lot of interesting innovative structures, room for different solutions.

BESS with solar reduces cannibalization and increases capture rates

Ljubić said it is a challenge to maximize revenues from a battery system and make it bankable. Gazdov pointed to the dilemmas of a single company owning different assets versus a big utility combining and aggregating everything, and whether the producers or optimizers manage the revenue streams.

When it comes to standalone storage units, he sees a perspective only in arbitrage and, perhaps, system services further down the road.

Joffroy Beckers (DRI) explained the main purpose of a battery energy storage system (BESS) in Romania, from the point of view of a developer and power producer. A BESS combined with solar power reduces cannibalization and increases capture rate, whereas wind lowers the balancing cost, he stressed.

“If you co-locate a battery next to solar, you will be in a position to negotiate a higher price on the off-take side,” he pointed out.

A combination of wind, solar and batteries is equivalent to a new power plant

In the future, he anticipates more PPAs with a pay-as-nominated structure rather than pay as produced, arguing that it enables more flexibility for monetizing batteries on different markets.

“With those combinations of wind, solar, and battery, basically you have a new power plant, baseload structure,” Mislav Slade-Šilović (PwC) stated.

That way PPAs fit into the broader discussion on the energy transition and decarbonization. EPS is decarbonizing its production through its role as a renewable energy offtaker.

“Hybrid combinations are partly addressing the baseload needs. So, many different technologies, including storage, can provide a part of the answer this region heavily needs, and this is the baseload substitution problem,” Slade-Šilović concluded.

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May 26, 2025
by in News

BEF 2025: Technologies for energy transition are here, getting cheaper every day

Technologies for the energy transition already exist, and their use is increasing thanks to falling costs. Investors and bankers claim they are ready to invest and that money isn’t an issue. The missing part are upgraded transmission grids, along with policies and regulations to integrate everything into a suitable environment, according to investors and lenders gathered at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

The third Belgrade Energy Forum, BEF 2025, welcomed four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe, and beyond. The two-day conference was organized by Balkan Green Energy News.

Participants in the panel Energy revolution underway – uniting efforts to deliver green, intelligent, and sustainable energy solutions were Maja Turković, Senior Vice President of CWP Europe, Aleš Prešern, Vice President and Head of Southeast Europe of Siemens Energy, and Christian Beynio, Head of Advisory of Kommunalkredit Austria AG.

According to panel moderator Mirza Kušljugić, a member of the Board of the Regional Center for Sustainable Energy Transition (RESET) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the energy transition is actually a revolution, given the technological changes.

“The region is still burdened by tradition. We know the transition is inevitable, but we aren’t fully aware that it will be disruptive,” Kušljugić stated.

Technology is here, and so is financing

Mirza Kušljugić, Aleš Prešern and Maja Turković (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Maja Turković, Senior Vice President of CWP Europe, stressed that technology, currently undergoing a revolution, is the best card the world has in the transition. She even suggested that financing isn’t a problem and that there are more financial resources available than projects qualified to receive funding.

However, she is surprised by the rapid growth in solar power installations. Turković argued that market-based projects cannot achieve double-digit internal rates of return on equity. Part of the explanation may lie in the fact that panel prices have dropped by 60% over two years.

Battery prices have also fallen. The largest drop was last year, 40%, with a further 5% decline this year alone, according to Turković. Prices have slipped below EUR 100,000 per MWh.

Turković: Regarding CAPEX and technology, we’re ready

The latest trend is the integration of batteries with solar power plants. While transmission system operators in the region still don’t allow it, in some countries a grid connection approved for solar can also be used for batteries. “Regarding CAPEX and technology, we’re ready,” Turković underlined.

Aleš Prešern, Vice President and Head of Southeast Europe in Siemens Energy, is particularly impressed with the speed of change.

“We who are working in the energy sector are used to very slow changes. Energy was a conservative industry. In 2004, 1 GW of solar was built, but now data shows that it is how much is installed in one day. Batteries cost EUR 1 million per MWh not that long ago, and now they are ten times cheaper,” he noted.

Prešern: Transmission networks are the bottleneck of the transition

They are indeed dramatic changes, for which the existing power system wasn’t prepared. It is clear why Siemens Energy, as a technology company, considers transmission networks to be the bottleneck in the transition, Prešern said.

To illustrate the slowness of grid investments, he pointed to Austria, as one of the examples, where it took 10 years to build one important segment of the 400 kV network.

Both Turković and Prešern agree that nowadays the keyword is flexibility.

Maja Turković and Christian Beynio (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

She explained there are operating battery management systems at low voltage levels that incorporate artificial intelligence and use market signals for activation when prices are low.

Prešern added that the required stability through balancing could be provided by gas power plants. Siemens Energy has never seen such high demand for gas turbines like today, he asserted.

Beynio: Don’t forget the non-banking institutions when looking in new financing

“If you ask about availability of financing, yes, it’s there,” Christian Beynio, Head of Advisory at Kommunalkredit Austria AG, confirmed. In his view, prices or, rather, the drop in prices of equipment, is the biggest innovation. Earlier, he said, it was a completely different game, heavily subsidized, while nowadays no subsidies are required per se.

The trend that Kommunalkredit Austria AG identified is the pooling of smaller assets, and a shift from financing projects toward financing developers and companies as corporates. It is yet to come to the region, he added.

Investment in grids, in his words, has to be initiated by the government. They have two solutions – go to the sovereign debt market or engage private investors. “Don’t forget the non-banking institutions when looking for new financing. This is a trend across Europe, and it will be relevant for the Balkans,” Beynio advised.

Battery projects won’t go so smoothly

Aleš Prešern (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Maja Turković expressed the belief that installing batteries won’t go as smoothly as solar. The main reason is the difficulty of securing a stable cash flow for batteries, unlike for production facilities. Cash flow enables financing, so batteries will likely need to be financed with internal funds, she underlined.

Turković noted that batteries are best monetized by providing system services and arbitrage, but pointed out they can also participate in capacity mechanisms, a scheme that could involve power purchase agreements (PPAs).

She said the development of the regulatory framework should be faster, to facilitate investments in batteries. Investors are ready to commit their funds to battery installation, and everyone in the market agrees that batteries are essential, Turković stressed.

Prešern: People and not technology are a guarantee that networks will exist and function properly

Amid the widespread discussions about technology and regulations, Aleš Prešern highlighted another issue. Energy, in his opinion, has always been an exciting sector, but the message hasn’t been getting through to young people in recent years. It was the case not only in the region but also in Europe, and beyond, leading to a shortage of skilled personnel.

However, he expressed the belief that things are changing and enthusiasm is returning. Prešern even suggested it could be a major advantage for the region, well known for its high-quality engineers.

Siemens Energy strives to employ as many good engineers as possible because, ultimately, people and not technology are a guarantee that networks will exist and function properly, he stressed.

The solution is also in using new technologies to better utilize existing grids

Christian Beynio (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

The combination of rapid changes in the energy sector and slow investments in the grids threatens to put the transition to a standstill.

Better utilization of existing infrastructure could be the solution. Siemens Energy fits well there, as several years ago it established a division called Digital Grid. According to Prešern, the idea was to be quicker in data utilization, something that other sectors like automotive have long advanced, while energy has lagged.

The company recently acquired a Slovenian-Austrian firm that produces sensors installed directly on power lines, a technology called dynamic line rating. The devices provide real-time data about the conditions in power lines, potentially enabling their use beyond original design limits.

“With this technology, we believe we can increase the capacity of existing networks by an average of 30%,” Prešern revealed.

New technologies have changed bankers’ jobs as well

New technologies have changed bankers’ jobs as well, Christian Beynio admitted. He recalled that it was easy to finance wind farms in Serbia because they had feed-in tariffs from the government. The only risk element was the wind blowing or not blowing, Beynio said.

Nowadays there are merchant power producers that combine their facilities with batteries and use algorithms in electricity trading, he added. It means bankers need to sit with market consultants to identify all outcomes, he stressed.

“You won’t find singular cash flow streams. It’s going to be multi-dimensional and people simply need to adjust. It’s going to be more short term also on the lending side. It’s rather going to be corporate lending to people and companies who know what they are doing and can credibly demonstrate that with a track record. That is the digitalization impact we see”, Beynio said.

Maja Turković (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)
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May 26, 2025
by in News

BEF 2025: Regional cooperation can facilitate energy transition, energy security

Montenegro, Serbia, and the Republic of Srpska don’t have a problem attracting investments in electricity production, but they do have issues when it comes to investments in transmission networks. If the introduction of CBAM is not postponed, it will greatly burden their economies. Hungary is interested in strengthening energy ties with them as well as the rest of the Western Balkans, which would bolster energy security for the whole region. Croatia could also assist it in strengthening employment in the green technologies sector, to counter the loss of jobs due to decarbonization. These are the main messages from the High-ministerial panel on SEE regional cooperation and energy transition strategies.

The ministerial panel was the first of eight at this year’s Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025). The conference, organized by Balkan Green Energy News, welcomed four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe, and beyond.

The panel featured representatives of the governments of Montenegro, Croatia, Hungary, the Republic of Srpska – one of the two political entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina – Serbia, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The moderator of the panel was Dirk Buschle, who until recently was a key figure in the Energy Community Secretariat, and now is a partner at law firm Becker Büttner Held.

He noted it is a mistake to say that the contracting parties of the Energy Community are lagging behind EU countries in the energy transition. They all face the same issues, which are energy accessibility, supply security, and sustainability, Buschle added.

Additional proof, in his words, are the similar issues faced by investors – in grid connections and permitting.

Investments in production are coming, the issues are grids, CBAM

Dirk Buschle, Petar Đokić and Admir Šahmanović

According to Minister of Energy and Mining of the Republic of Srpska Petar Đokić, the entity has made significant progress in defining a regulatory framework that aligns with the rules of the Energy Community and the European Union.

He noted that with the help of the Energy Community Secretariat, the two entities of BiH recently reached an agreement on adopting a law on the electricity regulator, transmission, and market. It is one of the cornerstones for establishing an organized electricity market.

The Republic of Srpska was successful in attracting investments in green energy in recent years, Đokić added. It established concessions and partnerships for the construction of 2,200 MW of renewable energy power plants – wind, solar, and hydropower.

However, large investments in transmission networks are also necessary, he pointed out and said he expects assistance from the European Union’s financial institutions such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB), as well as the World Bank.

Đokić: CBAM to hit hard BiH’s economy

The minister called on them to set up such partnerships.

Regarding the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), he said that measures have been taken to change the domestic energy mix. Until recently, the share of fossil fuels was 62%, but it has now dropped to 54%, he recalled.

By 2028, the Republic of Srpska will have two new hydropower plants, of 159 MW and 36 MW, and new solar power plants with a total capacity of 250 MW, the minister asserted. It would additionally green the energy mix, Đokić said.

CBAM, in his words, could harm the economy of the Republic of Srpska and BiH.

If it is applied the way it is apparently envisaged, it would result in a significant increase in costs, with a severe negative impact, he underlined. Đoković expressed hope that the rollout would be separately discussed in the case of BiH.

Šahmanović: Montenegro is finishing its NECP

Montenegro also enjoys great interest from investors. It has received applications for building solar power plants and wind farms with a total capacity of 5.5 GW, said Admir Šahmanović, Minister of Energy and Mining.

The country’s current capacity is slightly over 1 GW.

It is, in his words, the result of improving the regulatory framework including the adoption of laws on renewable energy sources and energy. However, investment in the transmission grid is also necessary. The government plans to discuss with Italy the possibility of installing another subsea cable for electricity transmission, while the national energy and climate plan (NECP) will be completed by the end of next month, the minister revealed.

Montenegro is requesting a postponement of CBAM until 2030

In addition, renewable energy auctions are being prepared with the EBRD, and a memorandum on market coupling with Italy will be signed, he added.

As for CBAM, the minister stressed that Montenegro doesn’t believe the EU wants to harm its economy, but argued that the country isn’t ready for the mechanism’s implementation.

“Perhaps we are now in a situation similar to where our EU partners were 20 years ago. So, we need to invest a lot in our production capacities, grid, storage. It will take years, so if we don’t receive an exemption by 2030, I believe we won’t be able to handle this challenge,” Šahmanović stressed.

Secure supply of the national market is the highest priority

Boglárka Illés, Admir Šahmanović and Jovana Joksimović

Jovana Joksimović, Serbian assistant minister of mining and energy for international cooperation, European integration, and project management, expressed the opinion that the energy transition is a long and intensive process, technically, operationally, and financially.

Since October 2022, renewable energy in the energy mix has increased by 83%, which demonstrates the progress of the energy transition in Serbia, Joksimović asserted.

“We need to be realistic, as well as socially aware, because a fair and sustainable transition is something that should be carefully considered when changing the energy mix, where coal accounts for 60%,” she noted.

Joksimović: The priority is to ensure a sufficient supply of electricity at the most affordable prices for citizens and the economy

It is necessary, in her words, to be ambitious and dedicated to the energy transition goals, but she is convinced that there is a higher objective.

At the country level, it is to ensure enough electricity at the most affordable prices for both citizens and the economy, she underlined. “That’s what our top priority is,” Joksimović underscored.

Guided by the said goal, Serbia is also considering the use of nuclear energy and a study on possible options is currently being prepared.

Boglárka Illés, State Secretary for Bilateral Relations at Hungary’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, also stressed that the government’s primary duty is to ensure not only climate neutrality and sustainable energy but also affordable energy with a stable supply for households and businesses.

She pointed out that diversifying energy imports and the energy mix plays a key role in securing energy sovereignty. It is the reason why cooperation with the Western Balkans, and especially Serbia, is important to Hungary, Illés asserted.

Illés: Europe’s energy security has been demolished

A few days before, Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said the EU has abandoned a successful economic strategy, based on cheap Russian gas and advanced German technology.

“And now we don’t see any other strategy within the EU,” she stated.

Due to ideologically driven sanctions against Russia, and the European Green Deal, the energy security of Europe is demolished, in Illés’s opinion. The region is located at the intersection of essential energy routes, connecting the East and the West, and also South and North, she underlined.

“We, as an EU member country, can act as a bridge between non-EU member countries and also the EU,” the state secretary stressed.

As an example of good cooperation with Serbia, she highlighted the supply of gas through the TurkStream pipeline and the Pannonian Corridor project for doubling the capacity for power exchange between the two countries.

The energy transition is an opportunity

Jovana Joksimović, Marija Pujo Tadić and Dario Liguti

In one respect, Marija Pujo Tadić, Special Envoy for Climate Action from the Government of Croatia, doesn’t share the opinion of the Hungarian official. She argued it isn’t true that Europe lacks a plan.

The EU has a clear plan and a well-defined strategy – it is the Clean Industrial Deal, she stressed.

She highlighted two important strategies relevant to the region: the Paris Agreement and the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans.

As a member of the scientific advisory board for the COP 29 presidency, she recalled that this year a review of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) would be conducted. It is an assessment of how countries are meeting their plans for lowering CO2 emissions.

Pujo Tadić: Education and workforce specialization are essential

She underlined the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans also envisages reducing net greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050, which is essentially the shared goal of the EU.

However, Pujo Tadić expressed the belief that policies and laws alone are not enough. Public education and workforce specialization are also necessary because the transition will create many new jobs, she added.

Croatia could be of great support to the Western Balkans, having launched such educational programs five years ago, according to Pujo Tadić.

The link between the energy transition and the creation of new jobs was also stressed by Dario Liguti, Director of Sustainable Energy at UNECE. In his view, the region has a huge opportunity to become part of the supply chains for green technologies by greening the domestic power generation and by leaning on the EU’s energy transition.

He sees the main factors for it in the region’s geographic proximity to the large European market, and the large, skilled workforce that can be educated for other tasks. Liguti drew a connection with the expected job loss from decarbonization measures and the related need for a just transition.

Liguti: There is great potential for energy efficiency in the region

Liguti praised the forthcoming investments in renewable energy production, but warned it is only one side of the story, arguing that the other one is energy efficiency. He reminded the audience that the region’s energy intensity is high, saying there is room for savings.

The installation of big solar plants and wind farms, in his words, is great because it’s very visible.

“It’s a great investment and makes a lot of sense. The harder part is making energy efficiency investments, whether in buildings or the industrial processes in large, small, or medium enterprises,” Liguti stated.

As an example, he recalled that UNECE is running a project with the EBRD in North Macedonia to support households and small and medium enterprises to lower the costs of liquid fuels and electricity.

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May 20, 2025
by in News

PPC starts building two battery storage systems in northern Greece

Public Power Corp. (PPC Group) is launching construction on two battery energy storage systems (BESS) in northern Greece, of 48 MW / 96 MWh and 50 MW / 100 MWh. There is currently no larger BESS in Southeastern Europe, but the Oslomej solar park in North Macedonia is expected to get a battery system of 62 MW in operating power by the end of the year.

PPC’s Melitis 1 battery system will be located in the vicinity of its future photovoltaic plants in the Western Macedonia region, and Ptolemaida 4 will be built in the area of the former Ptolemaida coal mines. The energy storage units are intended to support the operation of adjacent photovoltaic plants.

The battery systems are targeted for completion within the year

The systems will use liquid-cooled batteries with the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) technology, maximizing both energy utilization and safety during operation, according to a statement from the Greek company, controlled by the government through a minority stake. It expects to complete the construction within the year.

PPC Group’s investment plan for the 2025-2027 period envisages BESS projects totaling 600 MW, which are currently at various stages of implementation in Greece and elsewhere in Southeastern Europe.

Konstantinos Mavros, the group’s deputy CEO responsible for renewable energy sources, said PPC is a leader in investing in energy storage systems. “In the coming years it will significantly increase investments in all flexible generation systems through energy storage,” he stated.

PPC plans 600 MW of battery projects in Southeastern Europe

PPC Group recently started building a battery system in neighboring Bulgaria with 25 MW in operating power and a capacity of 55 MWh. The facility would support the operation of a new solar power plant with a total capacity of 165 MW.

The company runs renewable energy systems with a total capacity of 6.2 GW in Greece, Romania, Italy, and Bulgaria. Its investment plan envisages increasing the capacity from renewables to 11.8 GW by 2027. PPC’s strategic goal is to expand into new renewable energy technologies, such as offshore wind farms and floating solar parks.

Post Views:36
May 16, 2025
by in News

BiH laying groundwork for battery energy storage systems

Bosnia and Herzegovina is set to have its first battery energy storage systems installed in the transmission network, which will provide auxiliary services.

The State Electricity Regulatory Commission is drafting a decision to allow battery energy storage systems (BESS) to offer secondary frequency regulation, Mirza Kušljugić, a member of the Board of the Regional Center for Sustainable Energy Transition (RESET) from BiH, said at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025).

Since such a decision does not require a lengthy regulatory procedure, and the balancing market is already regulated, batteries could be installed very soon, he noted.

“I anticipate that private investors will take the lead in this initiative,” Kušljugić added.

He stressed the importance of experimenting with new technologies, noting that batteries represent a technology that can fundamentally transform the energy paradigm.

To be economically viable, batteries must serve multiple functions

The cost of batteries has significantly decreased in recent years. For instance, prices fell by 40% last year and have decreased by an additional 5% so far this year.

According to Kušljugić, batteries should not be limited to providing arbitrage but should also perform additional roles.

“Batteries come in various sizes – small, medium, and large – each with specific functions. They can regulate voltage or enable a black start, especially when equipped with new grid-forming inverters. This is a disruptive technology. It doesn’t matter whether it is installed on the transmission grid, the distribution grid, or behind the meter,” noted Kušljugić, who moderated the BEF panel titled Energy revolution underway – uniting efforts to deliver green, intelligent and sustainable energy solutions.

He added that batteries in the transmission system need to perform two or more functions, including frequency regulation.

Behind-the-meter batteries are also on the way

Historically, secondary regulation in BiH has been provided by any entity capable of offering flexibility, typically through tenders. So far, the service has mostly been provided by hydropower plants. However, due to lower nighttime prices, their operators were not interested in continuing to supply the service, leading to a shortage of secondary regulation. Batteries now have the potential to fill this gap.

Kušljugić believes that batteries installed behind electricity meters will soon become a reality in BiH as well. Currently, there are 300 to 350 MW of solar power capacities installed on the roofs of business premises, but their owners cannot feed excess electricity into the grid. It is only a matter of time before battery prices decrease enough to facilitate their installation, he underlined.

RESET, which advocates for citizen energy and prosumers, suggests that all solar installations should now be equipped with hybrid inverters, making them ready for future battery integration.

This approach is essential for the distribution grid to be ready to integrate excess electricity, Kušljugić concluded.

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May 16, 2025
by in News

Investors seek to install 5.5 GW of renewables in Montenegro – minister

Montenegro has received applications for building solar power plants and wind farms with a total capacity of 5.5 GW, Admir Šahmanović, the Minister of Energy and Mining, said at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

Montenegrin Minister of Energy and Mining Admir Šahmanović said the country has made significant progress in shaping its regulatory framework.

Montenegro has passed new laws on energy and renewable energy sources, while a draft law on the exchange of electricity and natural gas has been prepared.

“We are currently drafting a national energy and climate plan, which will be finalized by the end of next month,” Šahmanović stressed.

Montenegro currently has about 1,000 MW of renewable energy capacity

He also recalled that the government is preparing renewable energy auctions in collaboration with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The minister expects these auctions will significantly boost investments in renewables.

According to Šahmanović, the country has made considerable efforts to improve the investment climate.

“As a result, we have received 45 applications for the construction of renewable power plants with a combined capacity of 5.5 GW. For comparison, the country’s current capacity is slightly over 1 GW, which demonstrates our success,” he explained.

A memorandum on market coupling with Italy would be signed very soon

He said that a memorandum on market coupling with Italy would be signed next month. “We will also discuss the installation of another subsea cable for electricity transmission between Montenegro and Italy,” Šahmanović noted.

Montenegro plans to couple its day-ahead electricity market with Italy, linking it to the single European market. It previously considered two options for its first market coupling: with Serbia and with Albania, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, and Greece.

The third Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025), started today welcoming four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe and beyond. The two-day conference is organized by Balkan Green Energy News.

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May 15, 2025
by in News

Đokić: Republic of Srpska will connect 250 MW of solar in next three years

Over the next three years, the Republic of Srpska will connect 250 MW of new solar power plants to the grid, Minister of Energy and Mining Petar Đokić announced at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025), a two-day conference that kicked off today.

The Republic of Srpska, according to Đokić, has agreed concessions and partnerships for the construction of 2,200 MW of renewable energy power plants – wind, solar, and hydropower. Of the total capacity, state power utility Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske (ERS) has been awarded concessions for projects totaling 755 MW.

“The total value of the investments is about BAM 5.5 billion (EUR 2.81 billion), positioning the Republic of Srpska as a significant investor in the wider region,” he stressed.

Investments are needed in the transmission network

According to him, this is a great achievement considering the size and population of the Republic of Srpska, one of the two political entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). However, these projects, which are planned to be realized in the next five years, will have to include investments in transmission capacities in order to upgrade the network.

With certain investments, according to him, the Republic of Srpska’s transmission network currently has the capacity to offtake all the electricity that will be produced in both the Republic of Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other political entity of BiH.

Đokić expects support from European financial institutions

He noted that this requires significant financial resources, adding that he expects cooperation with the European Union’s (EU) financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB), as well as the World Bank.

Regarding the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), he said that measures have been taken to change the energy mix. Until recently, the share of fossil fuels was 62%, but it has now dropped to 54%, he noted.

By 2028, the Republic of Srpska will have two new hydropower plants, of 159 MW and 36 MW respectively, built by ERS, as well as one that is being finalized by a private investor, according to Đokić. “In the next three years, we will complete solar power plants with a total capacity of 250 MW, possibly more,” he said.

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May 13, 2025
by in News

Significant step for citizen energy in BiH – Republic of Srpska enables establishment of first renewable energy communities in region

The recent adoption of the rulebook on renewable energy communities in the Republic of Srpska is a big step in enabling citizens, local authorities, and businesspeople in Bosnia and Herzegovina to join forces and produce electricity for their own needs. It was a key step in introducing citizen energy. The concept is a great opportunity for the Balkans, because it can provide many benefits like lowering bills for consumers, and a sustainable energy transition, according to Damir Miljević, a member of the Regional Center for Sustainable Energy Transition (RESET) from BiH.

The new rulebook on renewable energy communities in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities making up Bosnia and Herzegovina, defines the activities of renewable energy communities (REC).

Energy transition consultant Damir Miljević explained to Balkan Green Energy News that REC refers to the production of electricity from renewables, while citizen energy communities (CEC) include all types of energy. The rulebook adopted by the Republic of Srpska, in his words, is the first in the region. It is focused on enabling the production of electricity for self-consumption (prosumers) primarily from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro energy.

Energy communities are an opportunity for citizens and businesspeople lacking suitable roofs for photovoltaics

He says the rulebook finally created the conditions at the local level – where the energy transition is supposed to be conducted in the first place – for citizens, local authorities, and businesspeople to join forces and produce electricity by installing a facility together. They can use some of the produced electricity for their own needs and inject the rest into the grid.

Citizens and small entrepreneurs who don’t have suitable roofs for solar power plants and municipal authorities with many roofs at their disposal as well as their own land can jointly finance and use such facilities. They will benefit both on the individual and collective level, Miljević pointed out. Without the communities framework, it wouldn’t be possible, in his opinion.

“In addition, conditions are created through RES communities to cede a part of the energy that the community’s facility generates, if the members of the community agree, to vulnerable categories of the population, contributing to the fight against energy poverty that way,” said Miljević, who is among the speakers at the upcoming Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025).

Miljević: Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske needs to do its part

The rulebook’s entry into force enabled citizens, local firms and local communities to establish renewable energy communities, Miljević said and added that the only serious remaining obstacle is the refusal of government-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske (ERS) to sign new supply contracts.

Prosumers in the entity can’t fully exercise their rights, despite an order from the Regulatory Commission for Energy of the Republic of Srpska, as they haven’t yet received the new supply contracts from ERS, he pointed out.

Citizen energy is a great opportunity for Balkan states

Damir Miljević (photo: Balkan Green Energy News)

Miljević stressed that rulebooks are among the steps in introducing citizen energy. Miljević noted that the other parts of BiH haven’t established regulatory frameworks. The Brčko District has no bylaws, while the Federation of BiH has adopted the rules for renewable energy communities, but hasn’t simplified its rules for connecting prosumers and the communities to the grid.

Production onsite for consumption should become priority in energy policies and for decarbonization efforts in the Western Balkans

In Miljević’s opinion, the resistance is enormous and partly caused by the lack of recognition of the importance and role of citizen energy in countries such as the Balkans.

In contrast to developed countries – for instance, household consumption in the European Union has a 25% share in total final electricity consumption – in BiH and Serbia it is 42%, and in Montenegro it amounts to around 50%, he noted.

It means the concept of producing for consumption onsite should be a priority in energy policy and for decarbonization efforts in the Western Balkans, Miljević stressed. It implies putting solar panels on roofs on a significant scale, which is the essence of citizen energy, he added.

Citizen energy isn’t a priority in domestic and international policies implemented in the region

In addition to reducing electricity bills for customers, the concept contributes to reducing distribution and transmission losses and required investments in new grid capacities and new large power plants, and improves the security of supply and energy independence of a country, according to Miljević.

Citizen energy, in his words, is the only solution for a safe and sustainable energy transition and decarbonization of domestic power consumption, but unfortunately it isn’t a priority in domestic and international policies implemented in the region.

The lobbying effect of investors in the market shouldn’t be underestimated either, nor the fear and resistance within the politics and state-owned power utilities to the decentralization, democratization, and demonopolization of power generation that citizen energy brings, Miljević concluded.

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May 13, 2025
by in News

Everything is ready for Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 – welcome!

Everything is ready for the third Belgrade Energy Forum – BEF 2025. On May 14 and 15, the conference will gather four hundred participants from more then 30 countries from the region, Europe, and beyond.

Participants of the Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025) will have the opportunity to hear from speakers from the European Union and five countries in the region and exchange views. Eight panels featuring more than 50 officials, executives and prominent energy experts will try to untangle the currently most important issues in the energy sector.

Representatives of governments, regulatory agencies, regional and international institutions and organizations as well as the business community will outline their future moves, which is invaluable information given the new reality of a turbulent geopolitical landscape.

Latest information on the largest project for the installation of solar power plants in the region and beyond

Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski and Serbian Minister of Mining and Energy Dubravka Đedović Handanović will open the event. One of the key speakers is Christian Zinglersen, director of the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER).

The ministerial panel consists of ministers and other officials from Montenegro, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, and the Republic of Srpska, which is one of the two entities making up Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Representatives of the Hyundai Engineering – UGT Renewables consortium will summarize the next steps in the largest solar power project in the region and beyond. The consortium is the diamond sponsor of the event this year as well.

It entails solar power plants with a total connected power of 1,000 MW, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) of 200 MW in overall capability and 400 MWh in capacity.

It is a joint project with Serbian state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije. The partners took another important step this week by signing a grid connection contract with the country’s transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije.

Hitachi’s cutting-edge technological solutions are indispensable in Southeast Europe

Keynote speakers Seung-Won Lee, Vice President of Hyundai Engineering, and Chan Wo Park, Global Executive Advisor at UGT Renewables, will present the project.

Hitachi Energy‘s cutting-edge technological solutions are indispensable in Southeast Europe. Some examples of its contribution to the energy transition of the region are the largest solar power plant in the Balkans – Apriltsi in Bulgaria, of 250 MW, as well as the second wind farm in North Macedonia – Bogoslovec, with a capacity of 36 MW.

Together with the Association of Serbian Energy Intensive Industry, Hitachi Energy is in the group of silver sponsors of BEF 2025.

The association was founded by Metalfer Group, Elixir Group, Lafarge Serbia, Moravacem (part of CRH) and TITAN Cementara Kosjerić. They are producers of steel, fertilizers and cement driven by a vision of sustainable development, industrial innovation and regulatory clarity.

Zečević: Decarbonization must be shaped by strategy, not imposed by circumstance

BEF 2025 will be attended by the association’s manager Stanislava Simić, Metalfer Group president, Branko Zečević and Lafarge Serbia CEO Dimitrije Knjeginjić.

“As Europe enforces carbon accountability through CBAM, Serbia and the Western Balkans must not remain a regulatory blind spot. Without our own regionally adapted carbon border policy, we risk being overwhelmed by carbon-intensive imports, eroding both our industry and climate goals,” Zečević stressed.

The association calls for a regional, synchronized approach – one that levels the playing field, accelerates innovation, and positions the Western Balkans as a credible partner in Europe’s green transition, he added. Decarbonization must be shaped by strategy, not imposed by circumstance, according to Zečević.

Batteries are the stars of BEF 2025

The panel ‘Energy storage system market in SEE: trends and forecasts’ has attracted great interest.

One of the panelists is Ioanna Barouni, Research Associate in Aurora Energy Research, a reliable energy market analyst and a knowledge partner of the forum. The company’s analysis unveils answers to questions that everybody asks – politicians, investors and regulators alike. For instance, one burning issue is the effect of cannibalization in solar power on wholesale power prices.

Aurora recently presented its first forecast for the Western Balkans, based on investment activity. The firm now provides forecasting services for Albania, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Cerović: BEF is a key event bringing together industry experts

Financing battery energy storage systems is a job banks such as UniCredit Bank Serbia, a bronze sponsor of the conference.

“I’m delighted to once again represent UniCredit Bank Serbia, in BEF, a key event that brings together industry experts and leaders in the energy transition in Southeast Europe. As the global market moves towards decarbonization and greater use of renewable sources, the role of energy storage systems becomes increasingly important,” said Svetlana Cerović, Head of Specialized Lending at UniCredit Bank Serbia.

She is also last year’s winner of the Female Leader in Sustainable Energy award.

Fortis brings its vast experience in investments in energy storage

Fortis is bringing its vast experience in investments in energy storage. In February, the firm inked a deal for batteries for North Macedonia’s largest PV plant, Oslomej, while a 36 MWh battery in Serbia is in the pipeline. Fortis has also signed a framework agreement with PowerChina on joint investments in renewable energy projects.

Nikola Oklobdžija, CEO of Fortis Energy for Eastern Europe, will present the company’s vision.

Renewable Energy Insurance Broker, a bronze sponsor, was one of the key factors for the largest photovoltaic plant in Romania. It provided insurance packages for every phase of development of the 155 MW Rătești facility. REIB is a specialized insurance intermediary focused exclusively on the renewable energy sector.

Tailored insurance solutions improve project bankability and long-term security, according to the firm.

Four companies are exhibitors

BEF 2025 has an exhibition segment, too. One of the companies showcasing its activities is ScadaWatt, which develops smart and reliable solutions for power plants. The company provides remote monitoring, real-time control, and AI-powered analytics to improve efficiency and reduce losses.

SciEngineer and Zarja Elektronika will also present their services and solutions. SciEngineer is the exclusive representative of MathWorks, COMSOL, and Speedgoat in Central and Eastern Europe. Their solutions reduce development time, cut costs, improve reliability, and accelerate time-to-market.

Zarja Elektronika is a leading Slovenian company specializing in advanced fire detection and alarm systems. With over 40 years of experience, it provides innovative, reliable, and tailor-made safety solutions for industrial, commercial, and residential environments.

DRI and YEO are friends of the conference

The Chinese company SANY Renewable Energy, which owns the Alibunar 1 and Alibunar 2 wind farms, will also have an exhibition stand.

DRI and YEO are joining the group of the friends of the conference. DRI is an Amsterdam-headquartered renewables developer and a subsidiary of the DTEK Group, one of the biggest private investors in Ukraine’s energy sector.

Joffroy Beckers, Head of PPA, will speak at a panel dedicated to the topic.

In January, DRI said it planned to start building the 120 MW Ljubovo wind power plant in Croatia in 2027. It revealed it right after it completed a 60 MW solar power plant in Romania.

Turkey-based YEO is active in more than 30 countries, delivering turnkey solutions in energy and industrial systems. In the Balkans, in addition to its energy expertise role, the company invests in renewable energy projects.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
May 11, 2025
by in News

Serbia’s TSO EMS signs grid connection contracts for 11 renewable power plants

Serbia’s transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije signed grid connection contracts today for 11 renewable power plants.

TSO Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) noted that the contracts were signed after the second interval for the preparation of studies for the connection of power plants to the transmission grid. The total capacity of the facilities within the new deals is 2,052 MW, the company added.

They include four self-balancing solar power plants that state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) is developing with the consortium Hyundai Engineering – UGT Renewables under a strategic partnership. The contracts were signed by EMS CEO Jelena Matejić and EPS CEO Dušan Živković.

The grid connection contracts were signed for Salaš and Sikole (490 MW in combined capacity), Jablanica (421.5 MW), Bački Gračac (65.9 MW) and Srpska Kuća (27 MW). Their total approved connection capacity is 1,004.4 MW.

Two projects with grid connection contracts are for hybrid power plants

Five other projects on the list are also for photovoltaic plants: East One (49.5 MW), South Two (44 MW), Erdevik (74 MW), Solar Knjaževac (136 MW) and Palić (110 MW). Two are for energy parks – hybrid power plants combining wind and solar energy – Vida Power with 150 MW and Equinox with 277 MW.

Projects East One and South Two are developed by Hive Energy, Erdevik by Fortis and Solar Knjaževac by Central Europe Energy Company, owned by China’s GCL. CWP Europe is in charge for two hybrid power plants.

Of note, in October 2024, the Government of Serbia launched the strategic partnership with the consortium Hyundai Engineering – UGT Renewables, which was selected at a tender for the investment. It envisages solar power plants with a total connected power of 1,000 MW, or 1,200 MW in nominal terms, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) of 200 MW in overall capability and 400 MWh in capacity.

UGT Renewables CEO Adam Cortese told Balkan Green Energy News that the consortium’s strategic partnership with Serbia for the six photovoltaic facilities is worth EUR 1.6 billion.

Minister of Mining and Energy Dubravka Đedović Handanović said in January that the first works on the project are expected by early 2026.

EMS has two intervals per year for the preparation of grid connection studies

Every year EMS organizes two intervals for grid connection studies: from March 1 to June 30 and from September 1 to December 31. After the contract for the grid connection study is signed and the study is completed, investors must submit bank guarantees to sign the grid connection contract.

The grid connection contract that has been signed now is part of the interval initiated on September 1, 2024.  The contracts for the grid connection studies have been signed for 22 projects, and grid connection contracts have been signed for 11.

In the next interval that started on March 1, 2025, EMS has received eight applications, including two for batteries, the first such projects in Serbia.

In July of last year, EMS announced that September 1 would mark the start of the new interval for the preparation of studies for the connection of power plants and other facilities to the transmission grid.

In the previous interval, bank guarantees for solar, wind and hydropower projects and substations, within the transmission system in Serbia, were provided for 28 facilities with an overall capacity of 4,000 MW, according to EMS.

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