October 31, 2025
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Serbia’s distribution system operator plans comprehensive restructuring

Serbia’s distribution system operator, Elektrodistribucija Srbije (EDS), plans a comprehensive restructuring to improve financial stability, operational efficiency, and investment planning capacity, in line with the country’s stand-by arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

EDS has launched a tender to select a consultant to develop a restructuring plan. The deadline for submitting bids is set for November 28.

The consultant’s job will consist of two phases. The first phase involves analyzing the existing business model and designing and developing a new sustainable model. In the second phase, the consultant will support the implementation of the recommendations defined in the first phase, as well as the guidelines arising from the proposed financial restructuring plan, EDS has announced.

The consultant is to develop a restructuring plan and support its implementation

During the first phase, the consultant will analyze EDS’ current operations, including its financial position, key business processes, management structure, and IT systems. Based on the analysis, a target business model and a financial restructuring plan will be developed, including scenarios and stress tests to assess the company’s resilience to potential challenges.

The second phase will focus on implementing the recommendations and the proposed model, including coordination with internal teams, monitoring progress, evaluating the effectiveness of changes, and supporting employee training. Special attention will be given to digitalization, business process optimization, and customer service improvements.

The project should help digitalize business processes

Some elements of EDS’s operations that are expected to be improved include meter issuance and reading, as well as electricity loss management. The consultant’s job also involves mapping IT systems and projects that support the automation and digitalization of business processes, according to EDS.

The consultant will also be expected to develop a comprehensive implementation plan, including timelines, resource allocation, and project risk management strategies, and provide regular progress reports highlighting challenges and proposing steps to address them.

A final report on the restructuring efforts will also be required, including lessons learned and recommendations for future initiatives, according to EDS.

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October 31, 2025
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Serbia plans new mining law to align legislation with EU rules on critical raw materials

Serbia’s Ministry of Mining and Energy has launched a public consultation on a preliminary framework for a new law on mining and geological exploration. One of the goals of the new law is to align national legislation with European Union regulations on critical raw materials, sustainable development, and the circular economy.

The law will be harmonized with the EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act and the European Green Deal, to gradually align Serbia’s regulatory framework with the EU’s goals for sustainable mining, climate neutrality, and secure minerals supply, according to a document outlining the basis for the draft law.

Earlier this year, the European Commission included a lithium mining project in Serbia among the EU’s strategic projects for critical raw materials. Rio Tinto’s Jadar project is the only one on the list that involves the extraction of lithium and boron.

Lithium mining in Serbia is among the EU’s strategic projects for critical raw materials

Regarding harmonization with EU regulations, Serbia intends to introduce standardized reporting systems in line with the Pan-European Reserves and Resources Reporting Committee (PERC) standards, the UN Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC), and the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS), as well as implement ESG principles, which integrate environmental, social, and governance requirements into all phases of geological exploration and mining.

The main objective of the new law is to establish a modern, transparent, and efficient system for managing mineral and other geological resources in line with sustainable development standards, while strengthening the role of the state as the owner and steward of the country’s natural resources, according to the document.

It further highlights the need for more clearly defined mechanisms to ensure the application of sustainable mining principles and compliance with environmental standards, in line with advanced global practices. Investors’ obligations regarding environmental protection, land reclamation, and site remediation should be more precisely regulated during exploration and mining.

Investors’ obligations concerning environmental protection need to be more clearly defined

Improving the legal framework for granting exploration and mining rights is of particular importance, the document states. This would be done through models that ensure greater legal certainty, more efficient oversight, and consistent application of environmental and social standards, in line with sustainable mining principles.

The new law will also set clear criteria for identifying and protecting strategic mineral deposits, and ensure they are included in spatial and development plans. This would enable long-term protection of national interests in the field of mineral resources.

The law will digitalize permitting procedures for exploration and mining

The law will envisage digitalization and electronic processing in all administrative phases through a unified information system that enables electronic application and permitting, while allowing public access to data on exploration and mining fields.

The new law is also intended to ensure gradual alignment with European policies in the fields of green and digital transition.

The public consultation will be open until November 11, during which time citizens and organizations can submit proposals, comments, and suggestions.

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October 31, 2025
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Enery, SmartPulse launch regional partnership for multi-market optimization

Austrian green energy producer Enery and Turkish software company SmartPulse have entered a strategic partnership to deliver advanced solutions for the management and trading of renewable energy and storage assets. The collaboration aims to amplify market results for renewable energy producers and battery owners, while strengthening integration into the regional energy markets.

Enery Portfolio Optimization (EPO) – the licensed power trader of Enery managing a portfolio of over 750 MW of renewables assets and 700 MWh of battery capacity, will enhance its services through SmartPulse’s multi-market optimization platform, which automates trading, delivers real-time dispatch, and provides analytics and forecasting. The Turkish software company’s services coupled with EPO’s market know-how accelerate revenue growth and strengthen financial outcomes, according to the announcement.

The combined offering will be available for standalone and co-located storage assets on the Romanian market as part of a wider regional partnership. The platform aims to ensure the highest profitability from day-ahead, intraday and ancillary services markets, while ensuring the optimal physical dispatch of the asset, the Austrian company pointed out.

Balancing group members gain access to market opportunities

The service captures the full spectrum of financial arbitrage opportunities, reserve and balancing energy market participation to maximize revenue potential, Enery added. By joining its balancing group, renewables producers and battery storage owners gain access to all markets opportunities, reduced balancing costs, and 24/7 monitoring and trading through an artificial intelligence–powered platform, the update reads.

The offering in Romania will be part of a wider regional partnership

“Our international expertise in storage and renewables optimisation combined with SmartPulse’s innovative platform allows us to be more flexible and deliver tailored solutions for each asset. This partnership ensures that our Romanian clients will receive the highest quality services and optimised profitability from their assets,” said Enery’s Head of Energy Trading Petya Dimova.

Romania is among most dynamic power markets in Europe

The two companies stressed that they are bringing international experience and know-how in optimizing the value of large-scale renewables and storage assets to the Romanian market. The joint approach ensures clients can focus on business development, operations, and maintenance, while entrusting the financial realization of their electricity to expert hands, they said.

“Romania is one of the most dynamic power markets in Europe, and we are proud to make it a priority in our growth journey. By partnering with Enery, we bring our technology together with their strong local expertise to deliver advanced optimization and trading solutions,” Head of Global Growth at SmartPulse Uygar Yörük stated.

Enery, an independent power producer, operates a diversified portfolio of 511 MW and has 212 MW under construction. Its development pipeline amounts to almost 10 GW across 10 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In the region that Balkan Green Energy News covers, the company is active in Romania, Bulgaria and Slovenia.

SmartPulse, founded in 2018 in Istanbul, focuses on short-term power trading automation. The firm has just been acquired by Volue.

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October 30, 2025
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Domac: No energy transition without much stronger grid investments

Croatia is investing only half as much in the electricity network as Slovenia and Austria, said Managing Director of North-West Croatia Regional Energy and Climate Agency (REGEA) Julije Domac. He warned that without an acceleration in grid investments, there are no renewable sources and no energy transition.

Croatia is about to overcome one of the biggest obstacles to investments in green energy, with its proposed methodology for the grid connection fee. However, there are several more bottlenecks in the sector, and they mostly also concern the electricity network.

The grid is apparently not among priority segments in Croatia, which depends to a large extent on electricity imports. The situation is similar throughout the Balkans and Europe, and beyond, and the basic question is who will cover the expenses as well as which projects are the most important for enabling the deployment of renewables. Among other difficulties, the administrative capacity for permitting for grid improvements and expansion is too weak, alongside complex environmental and spatial planning requirements.

Managing Director of REGEA Julije Domac outlined his view on the matter in a LinkedIn post. “Without an electricity network, there are no grid connections, no RES, no transition… There is more than 13 GW of solar and wind power projects under development today, but the network cannot integrate it without accelerated investments,” he wrote.

Photo: Julije Domac (REGEA)

Grid operators reacting with emergency measures instead of long-term strategy

The free capacity in the power distribution grid is estimated at 3.7 GW, but a large part is in areas with low interest for investing, Domac pointed out. Of note, he is also Croatian President Zoran Milanović’s special advisor on energy and climate.

“In the coastal area and Dalmatia, where the resources are the best, the network is near the maximum load in many parts – it means a malfunction of one element could jeopardize the system’s stability. To avoid that, the operators are already often turning to emergency measures in dispatching now: shutting down parts of the network, redirecting flows, pausing works. It is ‘putting out fires’ – and not a long-term strategy,” the head of REGEA said.

The regulated income from tariffs limits investments as the transition’s urgency isn’t acknowledged

Domac stressed that Croatia is investing less than EUR 20 per customer per year, only half as much as Slovenia and Austria. In his opinion, the tariff-based methodology is limiting investments. Namely, Croatian Transmission System Operator (HOPS) and HEP-ODS, the national distribution system operator, are funded through regulated income under the Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency (HERA), and the mechanism doesn’t acknowledge the urgency of the transition, according to the energy expert.

Another point is delayed digitalization, as Croatia has a much lower share of smart meters than neighboring Slovenia, where it surpassed 99%, or Italy, where the level is around 95%, he underscored. There is no domestic market for flexibility and no contracts with batteries and with consumers that could help ease the pressure on the grid, Domac claims.

In addition, he highlighted the sluggish grid connection procedure, saying it lasts ten years for wind power plants and four years for photovoltaics, the most in all European Union.

Grid connection costs can be covered with EU funding, green bonds

Domac is recommending to the authorities to introduce temporary connection points, with a controlled power delivery – limited until network enhancements are completed. HERA did envisage such a possibility in its draft methodology.

The grid connection fee for renewable electricity plants should be abolished, which was already promised, Domac recalled. It is an obstacle blocking 60 projects for 3.5 GW in total, he noted. It is the grid operator that should bear the cost and, aside from the tariff items, it can finance them through EU funds and green bonds, like most member states do, Domac added.

He expressed the belief that ten or so most important grid interventions should be accelerated – transformer stations and transmission lines in particular and especially in Dalmatia. Pilot projects for batteries and flexibility would pave the way for more grid connections without the wires, and public procurements need to be streamlined as well for works worth up to EUR 1 million, for instance, so that the replacement of one transformer doesn’t last twelver months, Domac asserted.

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October 30, 2025
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International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development kicks off in Skopje: reliance on single supplier is risk of past

Reliance on a single source or supplier is a risk of the past – the future belongs to diversified, sustainable, and safe energy solutions, Minister of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources of North Macedonia Sanja Božinovska said at the opening of the 14th International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development in Skopje.

The three-day International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development (IFESD-14), with the theme From Goals to Action: Powering the Future with Sustainable Energy, gathered more than 500 participants from more than 70 countries, including high-level representatives of international institutions, companies, as well as academics and experts.

The meeting is organized by the Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources of North Macedonia, in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the UN’s five regional commissions – UNECE, UNESCAP, UNECLAC, UNECA, and UNESCWA.

The Skopje Declaration will be signed at the forum. The document will remain as an important permanent record of the commitment of the participating countries to a sustainable, safe, and inclusive energy future, according to the ministry.

Sanja Božinovska, Minister of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources, underlined that North Macedonia would be the center of the global energy dialogue for the next three days.

Božinovska: Energy transition is not a race between countries​

Energy resilience today is the ability of the system to withstand, adapt, and continue to function stably even in conditions of global uncertainty and geopolitical upheaval, she said.

“In this new era, technology and artificial intelligence are our allies, not a threat. They can help us forecast demand, optimize consumption, and improve energy accessibility. But energy must be used wisely, focusing on people, not just machines,” Božinovska stated.

Sanja Božinovska (photo: Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources)​

​Energy transition is not a race between countries but a shared journey, in the minister’s view. No country, regardless of size, can handle climate challenges alone, she added.

“Our role, as ministers and leaders, is to create conditions for this transition to be fair, sustainable, and inclusive and to ensure that no one is left behind; no country, no community,” Božinovska stressed.

The actions of the Government of North Macedonia confirm the stance, she asserted and highlighted the construction of natural gas interconnectors with Greece and Serbia. The investment will enable supplying thousands of households and businesses and help Europe achieve better connectivity and security of gas supply, she explained.

Grid modernization and investments in digitalization and energy storage are the country’s policy as well, she added.

Mickoski: Energy is high on the government’s agenda

Hristijan Mickoski (photo: Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources)

Prime Minister Hristijan Mickovski said the forum is an opportunity for North Macedonia to show that a small country can have a big impact – when it has a clear vision, determination, and leadership.

He highlighted the role and vision of Minister Božinovska, saying she is determined to move things forward even in the short term, to accelerate processes and not let Macedonia fall behind in the race against time.

“As someone who comes from the energy sector, I know very well how important that feeling of constant movement, change, and responsibility is. That’s why energy is high on the government agenda – not as a technical matter, but as a national priority and state strategy,” he asserted.

Every solar panel, every wind farm, every new power plant fueled by clean energy – this is part of the modern struggle for the independence of North Macedonia, he explained.

“Our vision is clear: to prepare the country for the future – for climate challenges, technological changes and global risks. To make an example in the region of a stable, clean and independent energy economy,” Mickoski said.

Molcean: The forum has developed into a leading global platform for the promotion of sustainable energy

Tatiana Molcean, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), pointed out that the forum, which was launched in 2010, has evolved into a leading global platform for advancing sustainable energy.

“Today, we stand at a crossroads when it comes to multilateralism in energy. The global energy transition represents not only a historic opportunity for sustainable development but also a profound responsibility. We must build resilient energy systems that ensure a secure, affordable, and environmentally sustainable supply of energy,” she stressed and added: “None of us will succeed if we work in isolation.”

Tatiana Molcean (photo: Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources)

​UNECE is here together with other UN partners to help make energy not only a driver of just transition and economic growth, but also a catalyst for sustainability and resilience, Molcean told the audience.

In the view of Resident Representative of UNDP in North Macedonia Armen Grigoryan, the forum’s theme, From Goals to Action: Powering the Future with Sustainable Energy, reflects urgency and growing consensus among nations that sustainable energy solutions are urgent.

Grigoryan: We have to move from commitments to concrete implementation

“Now we have to move from commitments to concrete implementation and steps. Sustainable energy stands as a cornerstone of our collective sustainable future. Around the world, the UNDP programme is deeply engaged in advancing this agenda,” he stressed.

Grigoryan recalled that the work of UNDP in North Macedonia, but also elsewhere, through the green finance facility and tackling air pollution initiatives, is about the people.

“By helping families heat their homes with green and affordable energy, enabling businesses to invest in green solutions, we are creating healthier communities and new opportunities for growth,” he asserted.

Photo: Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources
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October 30, 2025
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North Macedonia receives grant from France for grid modernization

The transmission system operator of North Macedonia – MEPSO, France’s development agency Agence Française de Développement (AFD), and RTE International signed an agreement for a grant intended to support the Balkan country’s transmission system. At the same time, the Ministry of Energy, Mining, and Mineral Resources signed a joint declaration with AFD, officially welcoming the agency as a partner of North Macedonia’s Investment Platform for a Just Energy Transition.

The EUR 600,000 grant is for technical assistance for the modernization and digitalization of the transmission grid in North Macedonia, MEPSO said.

The project focuses on four areas: preparing system adequacy studies using the ANTARES market simulator, sizing system reserves, developing a methodology for calculating transmission losses and producing a feasibility study, and a project for substation digitalization.

Božinovska: AFD’s technical assistance will enable MEPSO to manage variability in the system more efficiently

As part of the project, experts from RTE International, a subsidiary of the French transmission system operator (TSO) RTE, have already held a training course for MEPSO’s engineers on the use of the ANTARES simulator, the Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources said.

Minister Sanja Božinovska stressed that AFD‘s technical assistance would enable the company to manage more efficiently the variability resulting from increased participation of renewable sources and market fluctuations.

A more advanced and smarter grid means fewer outages, better use of clean energy, stronger regional connections, and greater system resilience – whether to weather conditions, demand fluctuations, or market instability, Božinovska noted.

Milevski: Pilot project will be launched for the digitalization of a 110 kV substation

According to RTE International CEO Veronika Milevski, the agreement combines advanced power system modeling, innovative reserve forecasting using artificial intelligence (AI), and a pilot project for the digitalization of a 110 kV substation.

This is a decisive step toward a more resilient, transparent, and competitive electricity grid, she pointed out.

MEPSO CEO Burim Latifi explained that the digital transformation pilot project is aimed at developing a fully digital substation with advanced protection, management, and monitoring systems.

Vince: AFD is committed to supporting a just and sustainable energy transition

It is a concrete step toward transforming MEPSO into a smarter, more efficient, and future-oriented TSO, he added.

Of note, AFD and RTE established collaboration with Montenegro’s TSO CGES in November last year. AFD also signed a memorandum of understanding with Albania’s power utility KESH in April.

Regarding the signing of the joint declaration, Sanja Božinovska said the partnership is improving the country’s ability to modernize its electricity system, integrate more renewables, and strengthen security of supply.

AFD is committed to supporting North Macedonia’s just and sustainable energy transition, according to the Deputy Director of the AFD Office for the Western Balkans, François Vince.

The signing of the two agreements was attended by French Ambassador Christophe Le Rigoleur.

Photo: Sanja Božinovska/Facebook
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October 7, 2025
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Software maker Volue acquires power trading, battery optimization platform smartPulse

Volue took over smartPulse, accelerating the expansion into Central and Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and Turkey, with its power trading and battery optimization capabilities.

Software maker Volue said it has completed a deal to acquire smartPulse, a full-suite short-term power trading and battery optimization platform for asset owners and aggregators across Europe. It significantly accelerates the expansion into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Southern Europe and Türkiye, according to the announcement.

The takeover will expand the offering with a comprehensive suite that now covers forecasting, position management, scheduling and nomination, day-ahead bidding, intraday trading, battery optimization and asset connectivity, Volue said. The company said it provides solutions and systems powering the green transition as well as insights to industries critical to society. Headquartered in Oslo, Norway, it is active in more than 40 countries.

Volue pointed out that it is strengthening its capabilities with smartPulse’s proven platform and seasoned team, adding that they bring decades of expertise in one of Europe’s fastest-growing power markets.

SmartPulse to benefit from Volue’s resources, expertise, commercial team

Founded in 2018 in Turkey, smartPulse is a certified independent software vendor (ISV) at EPEX Spot, Nord Pool and various other European energy exchanges, with more than 80 energy market specialists.

The firm expressed confidence it would benefit from Volue’s resources, expertise and commercial team to further accelerate its development and geographic expansion while also strengthening its end-to-end value proposition.

Jointly connecting assets to markets

“With this acquisition, we accelerate our expansion into new European markets and strengthen our position as a full-suite provider for renewable asset operators. The move directly enhances our battery storage and optimisation capabilities, deepens our presence across regions, and supports our ambition of becoming the leading global independent energy software player,” said Volue’s Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Transformation Officer Martin Vieider.

The transaction enables smartPulse to accelerate its European rollout of transmission system operator (TSO) connections and broaden its suite internationally, while giving customers the confidence of a market-leading global partner, according to CEO and co-founder Önder Akar

“We share Volue’s ambition of connecting assets to markets, and we’re excited to scale that vision together,” he stated.

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October 2, 2025
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European day-ahead power market rolls out 15-minute trading intervals

The Single Day-Ahead Coupling area split its hourly units into 15-minute intervals for electricity trading. The change, affecting most European markets, is aimed at enhancing the integration of renewables by making flexibility and balancing more efficient.

After delays and intensive testing, the European wholesale electricity market switched to a 15-minute market time unit (MTU) from hourly blocks within the Single Day-Ahead Coupling (SDAC) mechanism. The transition was implemented across all bidding zones and bidding zone borders, according to the All NEMOs Committee, gathering nominated electricity market operators.

Thirty transmission system operators were involved in the move, aimed at creating an integrated pan-European cross-zonal day-ahead electricity market. Only Great Britain, Switzerland, the Western Balkans, Turkey and Cyprus, the European Union’s only non-interconnected member state, are outside of the SDAC region.

The first trading sessions were held at power exchanges yesterday, for delivery today. So far there were no indications of glitches with the quarter-hourly products.

A more than a year-long testing campaign for the 15-minute MTU solution included the validation of local, regional and cross-border functionalities, verification of connectivity between parties and confirmation of overall system readiness, the Market Coupling Steering Committee, MCSC, said last month.

Also of note, Cyprus launched its electricity exchange yesterday, with day-ahead, forward and balancing markets. In spot trading, the interval is 30 minutes.

Benefits from trading blocks with shorter intervals

The European Union is pushing the electricity market to improve efficiency by matching production and consumption more accurately. With the rising shares of solar and wind power in the energy mix, the frequency and intensity of fluctuations from weather changes are growing as well.

As the energy transition and digitalization progress, market time units could get shorter and shorter

The 15-minute interval captures the changes better than the one-hour block, reducing balancing needs and costs and freeing up capacity. As the energy transition and digitalization progress, market time units could get shorter and shorter. Importantly, it implies an exponential rise in computing power.

Wind and clouds aren’t very predictable, so unmatched production forecasts cause imbalances. It can burden the intraday market, where they are corrected. Shorter intervals lower the deviations.

Opportunity for battery storage deployment

With 15-minute products, more short-term fluctuations will already be captured in the day-ahead auction, Vattenfall said in a comment.

“Generation and demand can now be mapped much more precisely. We can submit more accurate forecasts, market renewables more effectively, deploy batteries and pumped storage more efficiently, and significantly increase system flexibility,” the company’s Head of Short-Term Asset Optimization Jörg Seidel pointed out.

Consumers could also benefit, according to the Swedish energy producer and supplier. More precise price signals open new savings potential through dynamic tariffs and smart meters, enabling households to use electricity when it is cheapest, it explained. It could make heat pumps, photovoltaic systems, batteries, and electric vehicle charging more efficient and affordable.

“Flexibility is becoming the currency of the energy transition,” Seidel stressed.

Nevertheless, nothing changes for small consumers including households until they get an electricity meter that can track quarter-hourly blocks.

With higher fluctuations in shorter intervals, opportunities arise for operators of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and other storage and balancing technologies, which stabilizes the electricity system. The switch to the 15-minute MTU is mostly beneficial for aggregators as well, reducing their exposure to penalties for failing to meet forecasted levels of production.

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August 20, 2025
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EU preparing roadmap on digitalization, AI in energy

The European Commission has launched a public consultation to help shape its upcoming strategic roadmap for digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) in the energy sector. The roadmap aims to support the rollout of digital solutions, including AI, in areas important for decarbonization.

The areas where the application of digital solutions and AI should be accelerated include electricity grid optimization, energy efficiency in buildings and industry, and demand-side flexibility, according to a press release from the commission.

The consultation should also address the increasingly heavy energy consumption of data centers and look at how they can be more sustainably integrated into the energy system.

The consultation should address the rising energy demand of data centers

Another area of interest is the need to implement safeguards to mitigate potential challenges linked to the large-scale deployment of AI solutions in the energy sector, according to the press release.

The initiative, part of the European Union’s Affordable Energy Action Plan, also aims to facilitate access to energy data via the Common Energy Data Space and unlock innovative services such as demand-side flexibility and bidirectional charging of electric vehicles, according to a LinkedIn post by former Smart Grids Team Leader at the European Commission Manuel Sánchez.

All individuals and organizations are welcome to contribute to the consultation, which is open until November 5. The adoption of the roadmap is planned for the first quarter of 2026.

The roadmap is expected to be adopted in Q1 2026

The target audience for the consultation and the accompanying call for evidence includes stakeholders from digital and energy value chains, such as grid operators, energy intensive industries, data center operators, building operators, car manufacturers, providers of e-mobility solutions, energy communities, aggregators, consumers, researchers, IT suppliers, digital solutions providers, cloud service providers, and appliance manufacturers.

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June 20, 2025
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WEF: Global energy transition picks up pace

The global energy transition is picking up pace, with the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) latest report showing the fastest progress since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall improvement on the WEF’s Energy Transition Index (ETI) was recorded in 65% of the countries observed, with the Emerging Europe region posting the strongest growth.

The report, titled Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2025, tracks the performance of energy systems of 118 countries across three dimensions – security, sustainability, and equity.

The equity segment showed the strongest gains, thanks to stable energy prices and subsidy cuts, while sustainability improved thanks to increased renewable energy adoption and improvements in energy efficiency. However, energy security stagnated due to inflexible power systems, reliance on imports, and limited diversification, highlighting the need for resilient grids, digitalization, and investment.

Energy security stagnated due to a lack of flexibility and diversification

The WEF also noted that despite USD 2 trillion in clean energy investment in 2024, global emissions hit a record 37.8 billion tons in the hottest year on record, as energy demand rose 2.2%, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), data centers, cooling, and electrification.

Global carbon emissions hit a record 37.8 billion tons in 2024 despite investment in clean energy

In 2025, 77 out of 118 countries recorded an increase in their overall ETI scores, with an average gain of 1.1%, as 28% achieved gains across all three dimensions, according to the report.

Advanced European economies top ETI rankings

Advanced economies continued to lead the rankings, accounting for 16 of the top 20 performers. The top five positions are occupied by Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland, thanks to their strong performance in energy diversification, clean energy adoption, robust policy frameworks, and reliable infrastructure.

Also among the top 10 are Austria, Latvia, the Netherlands, Germany, and Portugal. China rose to a record 12th place, while the United Kingdom ranked 16th, and the US ended in the 17th spot.

Bosnia and Herzegovina posts strongest growth

The Emerging Europe region, which includes former Soviet republics and Southeast European countries, recorded the highest score increase in 2025, of 2.8% year on year. Latvia scored the highest on the ETI index, while Bosnia and Herzegovina posted the strongest growth.

The highest-ranking countries in the region tracked by Balkan Green Energy News are Bulgaria and Romania, with an overall score of 63.7 each, occupying the 29th and 30th spots, respectively.

Albania took 37th place with a score of 61.5. North Macedonia was 66th, with an overall score of 54.2, and Bosnia and Herzegovina came in 72nd, with 53.1. They are followed by Serbia, in 81st place, and Montenegro, which is 83rd.

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