December 16, 2025
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Montenegro adopts National Energy and Climate Plan

The Government of Montenegro has adopted the National Energy and Climate Plan, along with a bill on cross-border electricity and natural gas exchange.

The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) of Montenegro is the overarching strategy that clearly defines what the country should achieve by 2030: a 55% reduction in emissions, a renewable energy share of at least 50%, and substantial progress in energy efficiency, according to the Ministry of Energy and Mining.

“Over the past eight months, we have made a tremendous effort to finalize two key documents that have been awaited for years and are crucial for our European commitments,” Minister Admir Šahmanović stressed.

This is a plan that enables new investments, new renewable energy power plants, modern grid infrastructure, and a secure transition for the Pljevlja coal region, he explained.

Šahmanović: The latest European Commission report confirms Montenegro’s progress

The ministry noted that the bill on cross-border electricity and natural gas exchange is among the most important energy laws proposed by this government. Šahmanović recalled that this is not merely a technical issue.

The bill, in his words, opens the door to the single European market, directly impacts the closure of Chapter 15 of the accession negotiations with the EU, and gives full meaning to the electricity interconnection with Italy and the EU market.

It would provide greater energy security, better competition, more stable prices, and a stronger position for the country’s economy, he added.

“The latest report from the European Commission confirms that we have made progress. Today’s decisions by the government are the best confirmation of this. These are the foundations for a more energy-secure, modern, and European Montenegro, and we have reason to be satisfied with the progress we have achieved,” Šahmanović underscored.

The bill represents the most extensive reform of energy legislation in the past decade

According to the ministry, by adopting these two strategic documents, Montenegro has taken a significant step forward in aligning with EU energy rules.

The NECP integrates energy, climate, and development policies into a single framework for the first time, sets clear and measurable goals, and lays the foundation for Montenegro’s long-term energy transition.

The law on cross-border electricity and natural gas exchange represents the most extensive reform of energy legislation in the past decade, transitioning from a basic regulatory framework to a full European system of market, technical, and security rules.

Together, these two documents represent the most important reform package in the energy sector in recent years, fully aligned with European legislation and the EU’s strategic priorities, the ministry concluded.

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December 11, 2025
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Croatia drafts EUR 1.68 billion Social Climate Plan

Croatia has prepared a Social Climate Plan for the period 2026-2032, worth EUR 1.68 billion. It would introduce measures for the buildings and road transport sectors aimed at supporting households and small businesses.

The draft of Croatia’s Social Climate Plan is under public discussion, which will last until December 22.

The process of adopting the most important national instrument for protecting citizens from the adverse effects of climate transition and the introduction of the European Union’s Emissions Trading System 2 (EU ETS 2) has begun, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Green Transition stressed.

The plan will be financed with EUR 1.26 billion from the EU’s Social Climate Fund, and the remainder from Croatia’s national budget. Essentially, all the funds are coming from the auctions of emission allowances in the EU and Croatia under the EU ETS 2. It is an expansion of the EU ETS to the buildings sector (heating and cooling) and road transport.

The EU established the Social Climate Fund in May 2023 to protect households and small businesses

The expansion could increase the costs of heating, cooling, and transport. In May 2023, the EU established the Social Climate Fund to protect low-income households, micro enterprises, and transport users that could be affected by the cost increase.

The measures and investments also contribute to the implementation of the goals of the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP).

The Social Climate Plan allocates EUR 658.1 million (39%) for the buildings sector, and EUR 958.4 million (57%) for road transport. Technical assistance is the third component, with EUR 42 million (2.5%).

The measures planned for the buildings sector include support for the establishment of energy communities and subsidies for the energy renovation of family homes. In the road transport sector, the plan envisages investments in cycling, on-demand mobility services, zero-emission vehicles, and railway infrastructure.

Vučković: Restoration planned for 180 kilometers of bike trails

croatia social climate policy plan EU ets 2 marija vuckovic plenkovic
Photo: Government of Croatia

​While presenting the draft plan at a session of the National Council for Sustainable Development, Minister of Environmental Protection and Green Transition Marija Vučković said it identifies two groups: the energy poor or vulnerable, and transport poor or vulnerable.

“The plan provides for 10 measures, four of which relate to so-called stationary or energy poverty, and the remaining six to achieving affordable and favorable mobility and reducing the risk of transport poverty,” she explained.

According to the ministry, the plan provides for the renovation of 180 kilometers of bicycle paths, 80 kilometers of railway lines, as well as the procurement of 30 electric trains, 80 electric buses, and 3,000 electric cars.

Prime Minister Andrej Plenković stressed that the plan isn’t just a technical and administrative document, arguing that it determines what Croatia would become in ten, twenty, and fifty years.

“And we want a Croatia that is economically strong, socially just, and sovereign,” Plenković underlined.

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December 2, 2025
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Montenegro drafts green hydrogen development program with 2026-2028 action plan

Montenegro has drafted a program for the development of green hydrogen with an action plan for the period 2026-2028 and a strategic environmental impact assessment report.

The public discussion is underway about the draft green hydrogen development program with an action plan for the period 2026-2028 and strategic environmental assessment report. It lasts 20 days from the publication of the public call – November 25.

Green hydrogen is a strategic priority for Montenegro by 2030 as a key energy fuel for transition, decarbonization, and security, the document reads.

The program defines four operational goals

Its use is planned in the energy, transportation, and industry sectors, with production based on excess electricity from wind and solar power plants and the development of grid balancing activity and charging infrastructure in line with the EU regulations, the draft underlines.

The document defines four operational goals.

The first is the establishment of an institutional, regulatory, and standardisation framework for the development of the hydrogen economy. It would include a national hydrogen council.

The plan is to produce a feasibility study with a financial assessment for a green hydrogen pilot project

Strengthening administrative capacity is the second goal. The activities include staff training and the adoption of guidelines and regulatory adjustments by the local authorities in line with the national green hydrogen policy.

The third objective is to plan and develop infrastructure for the integration of green hydrogen. The program envisages the creation and adoption of a national hydrogen infrastructure map, as well as a feasibility study with a financial assessment for a pilot project for the production of green hydrogen.

The final goal is to develop science, innovation, education, and promotion in the field of green hydrogen, for which educational programs at the high school and university levels would be developed.

NECP examined two scenarios for hydrogen

The program aims to increase the competitiveness of the Montenegrin economy and achieve carbon neutrality in line with the Paris Agreement, as well as other EU strategic documents, including the European Green Deal and the New Industrial Strategy for Europe.

The country’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) has outlined two hydrogen scenarios – a moderate one (MH2E) and an ambitious one (AH2E).

Pilot projects are planned by 2030, while investments are estimated at EUR 127 million to EUR 212 million by 2050, according to the NECP.

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October 1, 2025
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Montenegro to produce coal until 2050

The Pljevlja coal mine has been granted a concession for coal production for 24.5 years, extending the extraction of the solid fossil fuel until 2050.

Admir Šahmanović, Minister of Energy and Mining, and Nemanja Laković, CEO of coal mine operator Rudnik uglja Pljevlja (RUP), exchanged concession agreements for the period up to 2050.

They spoke at a ceremony in Pljevlja marking Miner’s Day, September 24, and the 73rd anniversary of the mine’s operation.

The signing of the concession agreement enables the long-term use of significant coal reserves in the Pljevlja municipality, which is one of the key steps in further valorizing the mining potential of northern Montenegro, according to the Ministry of Mining and Energy.

The coal extraction concession is granted for 24.5 years

“Our joint mission is for mining in Montenegro to continue developing responsibly, and in line with the highest standards. Our special focus will be on the development and future of this sector, having in mind the changes introduced by a just transition,” Šahmanović stated.

In late June, the Government of Montenegro decided to grant the concession to the mine for the excavation of lignite deposits at the sites Potrlica, Kalušići, Grevo, and Rabitlje in the Pljevlja coal basin.

The duration of the contract is 24.5 years, the government said. The mine is obliged to produce at least 1.65 million tons of lignite annually.

The Pljevlja coal power plant is planned for closing in 2041

The concession fee amounts to 4% of the market value of the excavation reserves.

Of note, almost the entire production of the mine is for the Pljevlja thermal power plant – the country’s only coal plant and the largest electricity producer.

The draft National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) of Montenegro proposes 2041 as the provisional date for closing the Pljevlja coal plant.

The timeline primarily depends on the success of the just transition process and maintaining the security of the electricity supply, the document reads.

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June 10, 2025
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Serbia shelves plan for strategic partnership for 1 GW in wind farms

Serbia has revised its Baselines of the Energy Infrastructure Development Plan and Energy Efficiency Measures for the period up to 2028, with projections up to 2030. It defines priority projects in the energy sector.

The Baselines of the Energy Infrastructure Development Plan and Energy Efficiency Measures were adopted in mid-2023 at the proposal of the Ministry of Mining and Energy. In the new document, the construction of 1 GW wind farms is no longer among the priority projects. The plan was to involve with a strategic partner, similar to the project for 1 GW of solar power plants, which is currently being developed by state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) with a strategic partner.

The development plan serves as a basis for the implementation of Serbia’s Energy Development Strategy and the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP).

The ministry outlined projects across six sectors

The investment cycle planned for the upcoming strategic period represents the backbone of the Energy Development Strategy. It provides the foundation for further assessments and projections of the targeted energy mix through 2030 and 2050. It aligns with the international commitments undertaken in the process of European Union accession as well as with the obligations within the Energy Community, the document reads.

The plan includes projects in six sectors: electricity generation, transmission network, distribution network, natural gas, oil and petroleum products, and energy efficiency. It ranks the projects within each sector.

The most significant change in renewable energy is that the construction of wind farms with a combined capacity of 1 GW is no longer on the list of priority projects.

Solar power plants Kolubara and Morava on the priority list

The 1 GW of solar power and the Kostolac wind farm remained among the four most important endeavors, while the new items are the Morava and Kolubara photovoltaic projects. The Klenovnik solar power plant has been removed from the list. According to the document, the projects on the list are the most advanced.

In total, EPS has 41 projects for power generation or 20 less than in the original document.

Fewer projects, but more realistic

The authors explained that the number of renewable energy projects is lower, but more realistic and better optimized. The entire EPS investment portfolio across all areas requires significant funds and loans, so it would not be realistic to pursue a larger number of high-value projects that cannot be financially or physically implemented within a reasonable timeframe, the document underlined.

It was also taken into account that many private projects, mainly wind farms, are being developed through the auction system, so the focus of EPS’s projects is primarily on solar power plants, to create a balanced ratio between wind and solar power plants in the system. The company’s project for the wind farms with a strategic partner remained a backup option, in case an additional capacity is needed, according to the document.

There are new items on the list for the electricity distribution network

There were no changes in the transmission network segment. The priority projects are the third and fourth sections of the Trans-Balkan Corridor, the Pannonian Corridor, and Beogrid 2025. The list contains 66 investments, five fewer than in the original plan.

Changes have been made regarding investments in the power distribution network. The most important projects now are the 110/10 kV substations National Stadium and Surčin. Automation of the medium-voltage network was kept, together with the ongoing replacement of wooden poles with concrete ones and the replacement of electricity meters with smart ones.

The integrated system for remote monitoring, diagnostics, and control of the low-voltage distribution network has been removed from the list. Instead of replacing transformers at 10 kV, 20 kV, 35 kV, and 110 kV voltage levels, the new focus is on the reconstruction of 25 substations of 110/35 kV.

Planning the first district cooling systems

The energy efficiency part of the baselines was changed the most.

The previous document was primarily focused on reviewing and securing financial support for ongoing projects, while the current one is envisaging expanding the scope and considering new financial mechanisms and sectors that require additional support.

Among other initiatives, the Strategic Plan for the Decarbonization Policy of the District Heating and Cooling Sector in the Republic of Serbia is being prepared. It is a joint endeavour of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Association of Serbian Heating Plants, and the Ministry of Mining and Energy.

The project aims to define steps to improve the district heating system, including heat storage, the use of heat pumps, utilization of heat generated from waste treatment, and the development of the first district cooling systems, according to the document.

Special attention will be devoted to developing guidelines for expanding the district heating system by connecting new users while simultaneously shutting down fossil fuel boilers. It will directly contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and pollution, the authors noted.

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May 7, 2025
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Federation of BiH secures EUR 83 million for just transition of coal regions

Bosnia and Herzegovina has secured EUR 83 million for a just transition project, which includes installing renewable power plants, social protection measures, and skills development in coal regions.

The funds are for the Federation of BiH, one of the two entities constituting Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank has approved a EUR 79.90 million loan and a EUR 2.89 million grant to support Bosnia and Herzegovina’s National Energy and Climate Plan, enhance energy independence, foster job opportunities, and strengthen local economies in former coal regions.

It explained that the Just Transition in Select Coal Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina Project would help repurpose post-mining lands in Banovići, Zenica, and Kreka, and facilitate the closure of underground works in Zenica. The project entails support for the installation of renewable energy systems at Banovići and Kreka mines.

The project has four components

The measures also involve social protection and skills development for workers and communities seeking opportunities outside the coal sector, the international financing institution noted.

The project will be implemented by the Federal Ministry of Energy, Mining and Industry and the state-owned RMU Banovići coal mine operator and power utility Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine (EPBiH). It has four components.

The first focuses on enhancing the capacity of coal regions, their entities, and the state-level government to manage a just transition. It will support the Committee on Just Transition at the State Level, a state-level knowledge platform, and capacity building of the Interministerial Committee on Just Transition in the Federation of BiH.

The project includes the land repurposing master plans in Banovići, Zenica, and Kreka

Technical assistance to relevant FBiH ministries to enhance the existing regulatory laws on labor transitions will be provided.

Component 2 supports the repurposing of select post-mining lands in Banovići, Zenica, and Kreka, and closure of specific underground works in the Zenica mine. The segment includes implementing the land repurposing master plans in all three areas

The third part envisages the construction of new power plants. A photovoltaic system of 27 MW in peak capacity will be installed at two identified sites at the Banovići and Kreka mines. Annual power production is projected at over 30 GWh.

Sheldon: To make sure no one is left behind

Component 4 aims to mitigate the social and labor impacts of coal transition on workers and communities by covering the financial obligations toward the miners in Zenica, reskilling and retraining eligible workers in Banovići and Zenica, and supporting affected communities through community investment, the project reads.

According to the World Bank, BiH is developing a National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). The lender intends to ensure that mine closure is environmentally and socially responsible, supporting new job opportunities and strengthening local economies in former coal regions.

“This new project is an opportunity to boost BiH’s energy security while supporting communities, making sure no one is left behind,” said Christopher Sheldon, World Bank Country Manager for BiH and Montenegro.

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