December 19, 2025

by AEA in News

Fearful about oil sanctions, Serbia’s Vučić seeks support from EU leaders

Facing an imminent halt of the Gazprom-owned Serbian oil company NIS due to US sanctions, President Aleksandar Vučić met with EU leaders António Costa and Ursula von der Leyen in Brussels. “I don’t have such a strong fear regarding gas as I do about oil,” he revealed and said they spoke about the possibilities for importing derivatives from Romania, Bulgaria and other countries in the region. Costa and Von der Leyen urged Serbia to further align with the EU’s foreign and security policy.

Serbia hasn’t received a single drop of crude oil for two months, President Aleksandar Vučić noted as he addressed the press in Brussels after meeting European Council President António Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. The country’s only refinery is run by NIS (Naftna industrija Srbije), which Russian state-owned Gazprom controls through its subsidiaries. Entirely stripped of oil supply since United States sanctions against the Serbian company kicked in, the facility recently ground to a halt.

There is apparently no progress in talks about the sale of Gazprom’s share. The authorities expect that Serbia will have to freeze NIS completely in the next few days, for its financial system to avoid secondary sanctions.

NIS and Lukoil together hold over one quarter of fuel stations in Serbia

The company, which is also present in some neighboring countries, supplied 80% of derivatives in the domestic market. Moreover, one in five fuel stations in Serbia is branded NIS or Gazprom. They account for more than a quarter together with Russia-based Lukoil. It is also under US sanctions, though able to operate almost until the end of April.

Vučić: It will only get harder each coming day

Vučić said he and Costa and Von der Leyen spoke about the key energy concerns that Serbia is facing. “It’s not easy for us already today, and it will only get harder each coming day… I don’t have such a strong fear regarding gas as I do about oil. Of course I am fearful, as a responsible man. I am always fearful, but we sought solutions and worked on it and I hope we will have EU’s support in these very important matters,” he stated.

Namely, Serbia is dependent on Russian gas and its transit through Bulgaria. The fuel comes via the Balkan Stream pipeline, an extension of TurkStream. If NIS is nationalized, the Kremlin could slash or even end the supply in case. Serbia is buying gas under short-term arrangements since May. The EU has launched measures to end most of the remaining supply from Russia next year.

According to the president, possibilities were discussed at the meeting of importing oil derivatives from Romania, Bulgaria and other countries in the region.

There was also word about where Serbia would build gas and oil pipelines, Vučić added and hinted at projects for liquid fuel pipelines as well. He mentioned the possibility of transporting diesel that way from Constanța, Romania’s Black Sea port city. Near it is the Petromidia refinery, owned by Rompetrol, a 100% subsidiary of Kazakhstan’s state-owned KazMunayGas (KMG).

Vučić said he spoke with the two top officials about the plan for a gas interconnector with North Macedonia.

Europe has consistently shown solidarity with Serbia, according to both top officials

Costa and Von der Leyen issued short and essentially identical messages after the meeting with the Serbian president. They highlighted the importance of accelerating reforms in the country, particularly with regard to the rule of law and media freedom.

“We stressed that enlargement is a geostrategic imperative and the need for Serbia to further align with the EU’s foreign and security policy. We also welcomed Serbia’s steps to diversify its energy sources and routes and to reduce dependency on Russia, whose unreliability has been repeatedly demonstrated. Europe has consistently shown solidarity with Serbia through major investments in energy infrastructure and support to vulnerable households,” they wrote on social media.

Two months ago, Von der Leyen said the EU is a guarantee that Serbian families would be safe and warm in winter and that the country can enter its joint gas procurement mechanism.

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December 2, 2025

by AEA in News

Romania to take control of Lukoil’s assets

Romania wants to take control of Lukoil’s operations to prevent an imminent freeze from the sanctions imposed by the United States. Bulgaria is already putting the Russian company’s refinery, the largest in the Balkans, under a trusteeship. Serbia announced that similar measures have been proposed to exempt Gazprom-owned NIS and its refinery, the only one in the country, from the sanctions.

Minister of Energy of Romania Bogdan Ivan seems to have endorsed neighboring Bulgaria’s approach to the issue of US sanctions against Lukoil. He said the government has to take control of the Russian company’s operations, Profit.ro reported.

The minister didn’t clarify whether it would be a temporary trusteeship. But President Nicușor Dan, who took the helm half a year ago, said there is an option for Romania to assume control for a limited period.

“We protect Romania’s energy security and firmly enforce international sanctions targeting Lukoil. My colleagues in the Ministry of Energy continue to work, together with all relevant authorities, on creating legislation that will ensure, on the one hand, full compliance with the sanctions regime established by the United States, and on the other hand, the continuity of Petrotel Ploiești’s refining activities, as well as the placement of petroleum products, without jeopardizing the supply of the national fuel market,” Ivan stated.

Minister Ivan turns more hawkish regarding sanctions against Russia

The minister claimed he would not request an extension of the November 21 deadline from the US. “Moreover, I will support the replication and uniform application of the sanctions initiated by the US throughout the European Union,” he stressed.

It marks a shift from the stance that the ministry expressed late last month, saying that the EU needs to adopt a position before Romania decides to move. Notably, Ivan held talks on November 8 in Washington with senior US officials, the article notes.

Ivan held talks on November 8 in Washington with senior US officials

“Romania must take control of the company to guarantee the full implementation of international measures, to protect the jobs of the 5,000 employees and to ensure the stability and security of the national energy system,” Ivan said.

However, the Petrotel Lukoil refinery had 542 employees on average in 2023 and another 203 worked at the company’s gas stations. Altogether, its six firms have a total payroll of under nine hundred, the article notes.

Germany placed Rosneft under state administration in 2022.

Bulgaria, Serbia struggling to keep Russian-owned refineries in operation

Nationalization could backfire because of property rights, though imposing state management is also a complicated matter. Romania earlier signaled that nationalization would be the last option.

Bulgaria has urgently adopted a law facilitating a takeover of Lukoil’s refinery in Burgas, the largest in the region. The state administrator would be authorized to sell it. It is unclear whether the measure could postpone or prevent the sanctions.

President Rumen Radev refused to sign the law and returned it to the National Assembly. It would “undermine the legal order” through “indirect nationalization” and expose public finances to a high risk, he warned.

Oil refiner and service stations operator NIS in Serbia is already under US sanctions. Russian state-owned Gazprom holds a majority stake in the company through two subsidiaries.

Serbian Minister of Mining and Energy Dubravka Đedović Handanović said yesterday that the “Russian owners” sent a request to the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) to renew the company’s license due to “negotiations with a third party.”

The government in Belgrade has supported the request, she added. The Russian side is prepared to cede control and influence over NIS to a third party, Đedović Handanović revealed.

According to media speculations, one of the candidates is Hungary-based MOL, given that the country managed to obtain a one-year exemption from the US for Russian oil and gas.

Lukoil is operating in Serbia as well, where it has a chain of fuel stations.

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November 17, 2025

by AEA in News

US torpedoes Lukoil’s deal to sell its overseas business to Gunvor

The United States Department of the Treasury said it wouldn’t allow Gunvor to “operate and profit,” calling it “the Kremlin’s puppet.” The energy trader responded that the statement is “fundamentally misinformed and false,” but it withdrew its proposal for Lukoil’s international assets.

For a minute it seemed that a potential fuel crisis in Europe – especially in the southeast – was going to be prevented. Russian oil company Lukoil, which came under US sanctions, agreed late last month to sell its foreign assets to Gunvor Group. The proposed transaction could have become a model for the resolution of sanctions against Serbia-based NIS, which operates the country’s only refinery and the largest chain of service stations.

A comprehensive reshuffling of Russian energy business in Europe apparently depends on peace negotiations for Ukraine with the administration of President Donald Trump. Amid a lack of progress, it scuttled the acquisition.

“President Trump has been clear that the war must end immediately. As long as Putin continues the senseless killings, the Kremlin’s puppet, Gunvor, will never get a license to operate and profit,” the Treasury Department said.

Gunvor scraps Lukoil deal after US threat

Gunvor, one of the largest energy traders in the world, is registered in Cyprus. The company, which operates out of Geneva and several other offices, gave up on the deal.

“The Treasury Department statement about Gunvor is fundamentally misinformed and false. Gunvor is and has always been open and transparent about its ownership and business, and has for more than a decade actively distanced itself from Russia, stopped trading in line with sanctions, sold off Russian assets, and publicly condemned the war in Ukraine. We welcome the opportunity to ensure this clear misunderstanding is corrected. In the meantime, Gunvor withdraws its proposal for Lukoil’s international assets,” the firm said.

Swedish billionaire Torbjörn Törnqvist, Gunvor’s CEO, owns a 85% share

Chief executive officer Torbjörn Törnqvist, a Swedish billionaire, owns 85% of the company. He co-founded it in 2000 with Russian businessman Gennady Timchenko, who sold his stake to his partner in 2014 after coming under US sanctions himself.

Russia reacted to the US Treasury Department’s new accusations by calling the trade restrictions illegal.

Refinery in Romania not attractive for purchase

Lukoil’s facilities up for sale include the largest oil refinery in the Balkans – Lukoil Neftohim Burgas in Bulgaria, as well as the Petrotel-Lukoil refinery in Romania. The Russian company also has fuel retail networks in Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, North Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro.

Notably, the refinery in Romania doesn’t seem to be attractive for possible buyers, Profit.ro reported. It is designed for processing the Russian Ural type of oil, rich in sulfur. Adaptation to sweeter crude would require major investments, maybe bigger than for an entirely new refinery, according to the article.

A crucial factor as well is that Lukoil’s businesses abroad were worth an estimated USD 22 billion in 2023, over three times more than Gunvor.

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November 8, 2025

by AEA in News

Russia’s Lukoil to sell refineries, fuel chains in Southeast Europe amid US sanctions

Russian oil producer Lukoil said it intends to sell its international assets due to US sanctions and that it has already begun reviewing bids. The company’s foreign subsidiaries include oil refineries in Bulgaria and Romania, as well as fuel retail chains across Southeast Europe.

The sale of Lukoil’s international assets is being carried out under a wind-down license from the United States Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). In a press release, the company said it might apply for an extension of the license, if necessary to ensure uninterrupted operations of its subsidiaries.

The facilities up for sale include the largest oil refinery in the Balkans – Lukoil Neftohim Burgas in Bulgaria, as well as the Petrotel-Lukoil refinery in Romania. Lukoil also has fuel retail networks in Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, North Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro.

Lukoil operates the largest oil refinery in the Balkans and fuel retail chains across the region

Lukoil Neftohim Burgas is a major player in Bulgaria, supplying almost the entire market, according to reports. Its capacity is 190,000 barrels per day. On the other hand, the capacity of Petrotel-Lukoil in Romania is much smaller, at about 2.4 million tons per year.

The Bulgarian parliament has adopted legislative amendments requiring any sale of Lukoil’s assets in Bulgaria to be cleared by the country’s government and intelligence service.

Serbia-based oil company NIS is also under US sanctions, while the EU is imposing a ban on Russian gas

The US sanctions against Russian energy companies, which took effect earlier this month, are also affecting NIS, a Serbia-based oil refiner and fuel retailer owned by Russia’s Gazprom.

At the same time, the European Union plans to ban imports of Russian natural gas starting on January 1, 2026. However, a European Commission spokesperson said that it would not apply to the transit of Russian gas and would not affect deliveries to Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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November 8, 2025

by AEA in News

Oil trader Gunvor set to take over Lukoil’s refineries, fuel chains in Southeast Europe

Russian oil producer Lukoil has accepted an offer from global commodities trader Gunvor Group Ltd. to acquire its international assets, which were put up for sale due to sanctions imposed by the United States over the war in Ukraine. The assets include oil refineries in Bulgaria and Romania, as well as fuel retail chains across Southeast Europe.

Lukoil has decided not to negotiate with other potential buyers. It will sell 100% of Lukoil International GmbH, which owns its assets outside of Russia, to Gunvor under key terms agreed earlier, according to an announcement from the Russian company. The value of the transaction was not disclosed.

Lukoil will not negotiate with other potential buyers

To conclude a binding agreement, the buyer needs to obtain permission from the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), along with other approvals in relevant jurisdictions, Lukoil said.

If necessary, the two companies will apply for an extension of the existing OFAC license to ensure uninterrupted operations of Lukoil’s international assets and their banking servicing until the completion of the transaction, it added.

Gunvor is owned by Swedish billionaire Torbjörn Törnqvist

According to its website, Gunvor is one of the world’s largest independent commodities trading houses by turnover and a leading global oil trader. The company is majority‑owned by Swedish billionaire Torbjörn Törnqvist.

The US sanctions targeting Russian energy companies took effect earlier this month.

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