December 10, 2025
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IAEA hosts landmark symposium: Nuclear, AI to forge Atoms for Algorithms alliance 

Global energy and technology leaders from over 250 organizations, including companies, nuclear operators, regulators, and research institutions, have gathered at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna for the first-ever International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Energy.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said the two-day event brought together senior representatives from ministries, international organizations, the nuclear industry and major tech firms, including Google and Oracle.

They discussed how nuclear energy can help meet the surging electricity demand of AI data centres, and how AI can support nuclear technology development.

The first symposium on nuclear energy and AI provided a platform for governments, organizations and industry to discuss how to make the Atoms for Algorithms alliance happen, according to IAEA.

Grossi: I call it not just a partnership, but a structural alliance: Atoms for Algorithms

Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said the two forces are reshaping humanity’s horizon at an unprecedented pace.

“The world’s energy map is being redrawn before our eyes. The essential point, our opportunity and our responsibility, is that these forces are not unfolding separately. They are converging and redefining the new global economy,” he stressed.

world iaea nuclear energy ai atoms for algorithms Rafael Mariano Grossi
Photo: IAEA

IAEA recalled that according to the International Energy Agency, data centres accounted for 1.5% of worldwide electricity demand in 2024 – a figure that could double by 2030.

“There is only one energy source that can meet combined demands of low-carbon generation, 24/7 reliability, massive power density, grid stability and genuine scalability: nuclear energy. This is why I call it not just a partnership, but a structural alliance: Atoms for Algorithms,” he stressed.

Greisinger: We are currently building the engine of the 21st century

world iaea vienna conference nuclear energy ai atoms for algorithms Manuel Greisinger
Photo: IAEA

IAEA underlined that major tech companies are weighing in on the nuclear-AI conversation. Manuel Greisinger, Google Distributed Cloud Director, shared why hyperscalers are turning to nuclear energy to power their data centres.

“We are currently building the engine of the 21st century, which is artificial intelligence. But as everyone in this room knows, an engine is pretty much useless without fuel. So the digital infrastructure community is here at the symposium because we have crunched the numbers and we have realized that nuclear energy is not just an option. It is an essential, non-negotiable component of our future fuel mix,” he stressed.

Sama Bilbao y León, Director General of World Nuclear Association, pointed out that nuclear energy is a key piece of the puzzle to electrify the world, improve quality of life, and support AI’s need for 24/7 carbon-free electricity.

She welcomed the pledge by major tech companies to support the goal to triple global nuclear energy capacity by 2050, according to IAEA.

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September 1, 2025
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Google reveals Gemini AI’s energy and water consumption

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives, but its rapid expansion is raising concerns about how much energy it consumes. Google has become the first tech company to publish a report on the energy consumption, emissions, and water use of its AI software, Gemini.

Google estimates that the median Gemini text prompt uses 0.24 watt-hours (Wh) of energy, emits 0.03 grams of CO2 equivalent, and consumes 0.26 milliliters (or about five drops) of water. “The per-prompt energy impact is equivalent to watching TV for less than nine seconds,” according to a press release from the company.

When applying a non-comprehensive methodology, which only considers the consumption of active TPU and GPU chips, the median Gemini text prompt uses 0.10 Wh of energy, emits 0.02 gCO2e, and consumes 0.12 mL of water.

On the other hand, Google’s comprehensive methodology includes the energy and water consumption of the software itself, the operation of IT equipment in data centers, the energy used by chips while idle, as well as the amount of water used to cool the equipment.

It should be noted, however, that energy consumption depends on multiple factors, including prompt length, the number of users, and the model’s efficiency.

Google’s AI is becoming increasingly efficient thanks to innovations

Google claims that its consumption of energy and water for AI is “substantially lower than many public estimates.” It also stresses that its AI systems are becoming more efficient through research innovations and software and hardware efficiency improvements.

Over a recent 12-month period, the energy and total carbon footprint of the median Gemini Apps text prompt dropped by 33 times and 44 times, respectively, while delivering higher-quality responses, the company claims.

Google has announced that it will continue investing in technologies that reduce per-prompt energy and water use, as well as emissions associated with AI systems. By 2030, the company aims to achieve net-zero emissions and to replenish 120% of the freshwater consumed in its data centers and offices.

However, despite Google’s efforts to reduce emissions, they have soared 51% compared to 2019, driven by the expansion of data center capacities needed for training and running AI models.

By 2030, data centers could be consuming 4.5% of global electricity generation

Data centers are essential for the operation of AI systems, and the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that their total electricity consumption could double by 2026, reaching 1,000 TWh per year, equivalent to Japan’s entire annual electricity use.

According to research firm SemiAnalysis, the expansion of AI could lead to data centers using 4.5% of total global electricity generation by 2030.

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August 20, 2025
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Google secures 50 MW of nuclear power for data centers

Google has secured a new source of clean energy for its data centers in the US states of Tennessee and Alabama through collaboration with nuclear technology company Kairos Power and public power utility Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The deal involves a 50 MW advanced nuclear reactor to feed TVA’s grid, which supplies the tech giant’s data centers.

Kairos Power’s advanced nuclear facility Hermes 2, which is set to go online in 2030, will supply electricity to the grid under a power purchase agreement (PPA) with TVA. It is the first-ever offtake agreement in the United States for a generation IV reactor.

Hermes 2, located in Oak Ridge, is the first facility under Kairos Power’s broader deal with Google to enable 500 MW of new, advanced nuclear capacity to come online by 2035, aimed at supporting Google’s growing energy needs. The long-term agreement, signed in October 2024, involves the deployment of multiple small modular reactors (SMRs), Google recalled.

Google’s long-term deal with Kairos involves deploying 500 MW of nuclear capacity by 2035

Amanda Peterson Corio, Google’s Global Head of Data Center Energy, said the collaboration would speed up the deployment of innovative nuclear technologies and help support the needs of the growing digital economy while also bringing firm carbon-free energy to the electricity system.

As part of efforts to meet its growing energy needs, Google recently signed the world’s largest corporate PPA for hydropower. The agreement, signed with global investment firm Brookfield, involves developing 3 GW of hydropower capacity in the United States.

Google has signed similar deals for hydropower, geothermal, and fusion energy

Google has also signed similar agreements for next-generation geothermal energy as well as for fusion energy. The company recently revealed plans to invest over USD 25 billion in data center and AI infrastructure in the next two years.

Rapid AI development and digitalization are making power supply crucial for tech companies. Goldman Sachs Research forecasts that global power demand from data centers will increase by 165% by 2030 from the 2023 level.

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July 18, 2025
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Google signs world’s largest corporate power purchase agreement for hydropower

Global investment firm Brookfield and tech giant Google signed an agreement to deliver up to 3,000 MW of carbon-free hydropower capacity in the United States.

Brookfield said the Hydro Framework Agreement (HFA) is the first of its kind and “the world’s largest corporate clean power deal for hydroelectricity.”

Brookfield Asset Management, together with Brookfield Renewable, and Google said the deal is for 3,000 MW of carbon-free hydroelectric capacity across the US.

Fast development of AI and digitalization is making power supply crucial for tech companies. Goldman Sachs Research forecasted that global power demand from data centers would increase 165% by 2030 from the 2023 level.

The first contracts include Brookfield’s Holtwood and Safe Harbor hydropower plants in Pennsylvania

Google has recently signed similar first-of-kind agreements for advanced nuclear and next-generation geothermal energy as well as for fusion energy.

Under HFA, the first contracts are for Brookfield’s Holtwood and Safe Harbor hydropower plants in Pennsylvania, representing more than USD 3 billion of power and 670 MW of capacity.

The 20-year power purchase agreements (PPAs) for the two facilities will support Google’s operations across PJM. The transaction structure allows Brookfield to maintain existing commitments to power consumers, such as Amtrak, from the Safe Harbor facility.

Brookfield said HFA is a significant step forward in its strategy to deliver flexible, dispatchable clean energy solutions to the technology sector and that the deal supports Google’s ambition to power its operations with 24/7 carbon-free energy.

Google can procure carbon-free electricity from up to 3,000 MW of HPPs

According to Brookfield, under the HFA, Google can procure electricity from up to 3,000 MW of hydropower assets that will be relicensed, overhauled, or upgraded to extend their useful life and continue adding power to the grid.

Amanda Peterson Corio, Google’s Head of Data Center Energy, said the collaboration with Brookfield is a significant step forward, ensuring clean energy supply in the PJM region (parts of 13 states and the District of Columbia) where her company operates. Hydropower is a proven low-cost technology, offering dependable, homegrown, carbon-free electricity that creates jobs and builds a stronger grid for all, she added.

According to Connor Teskey, President of Brookfield Asset Management, the partnership with Google demonstrates the critical role that hydropower can play in helping hyperscale customers meet their energy goals.

Delivering power at scale and from a range of sources will be required to meet the growing electricity demands from digitalization and artificial intelligence, he pointed out.

Of note, Brookfield owns power plants with a combined capacity of almost 46,000 MW.

Google to invest over USD 25 billion in data center and AI infrastructure

The deal is part of Google’s planned investments in the area in data center and artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure. At the Pennsylvania Energy & Innovation Summit in Pittsburgh, the company revealed that it earmarked more than USD 25 billion for the next two years.

President and Chief Investment Officer of Alphabet and Google Ruth Porat joined President Donald Trump, Senator Dave McCormick and government and business leaders at the summit.

To support the investment, Google is expanding energy capacity and innovation in three ways, the company said.

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