December 20, 2025
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Serbia is first Energy Community contracting party to enter verification phase of market coupling

Serbia is the first Energy Community contracting party to enter the verification phase of the market coupling procedure, the Energy Community Secretariat said after the annual meeting of the Ministerial Council in Vienna.

At the Energy Community Ministerial Council, ministers addressed energy security, market integration, climate policy, and environmental protection, confirming a shared EU–contracting parties direction for Europe’s energy future, according to the secretariat.

Ministers and representatives of the secretariat also discussed the amendments to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism’s regulation revealed by the European Commission yesterday. The meeting was attended by European Commissioner for Energy Dan Jørgensen.

The secretariat underlined that several contracting parties are now approaching a decisive stage in electricity market integration ahead of accession, having fully or nearly transposed the Electricity Integration Package (EIP).

The two-step verification phase for Serbia kicked off on October 22

Subject to verification of compliance by the European Commission, this progress opens the door to electricity market coupling with the EU internal market ahead of accession, it added.

“Serbia has already entered the verification phase, while Moldova has fully transposed the package. In this context, ministers underlined that the CBAM, entering into force in January,  should not pose an issue for cross-border electricity trade,” the update reads.

eu region ministerial council 2025 meeting
Photo: Energy Community Secretariat

Full electricity market integration ahead of accession offers a clear pathway to safeguarding decarbonization gains, supporting fair and efficient cross-border electricity exchanges, and attracting clean energy investment, according to the secretariat.

The two-step verification phase for Serbia kicked off on October 22. The first step is the verification by the secretariat, and the second by the commission.

The secretariat must complete the verification within three months, by January 22. The process is in the final stage, Balkan Green Energy News has learned.

The European Commission has five months to do its part

Once this is finished, the commission has five months to do its part. If the commission’s verification is positive, Serbia could meet the end-July deadline to apply for market coupling. The next phase involves technical activities, and it lasts 18 months.

“We are very deep in the process of verifying what Serbia has adopted. Now we are about to start this process for Moldova. And soon, I hope, after the remaining elements of the legislative package are adopted by Montenegro and North Macedonia, the verification can start in these two cases,” stressed Artur Lorkowski, Director of the Energy Community Secretariat.

He added that it has taken two decades of cooperation to build the momentum toward market coupling that ministers today have consolidated.

Lorkowski: The voice of the Energy Community ministers on CBAM has been heard by the commission

eu region ministerial council 2025 artur lorkowski
Artur Lorkowski (photo: Energy Community Secretariat)

Regarding the European Commission’s amendments to the CBAM regulation, he recalled that, on behalf of the ministers, the secretariat has sent a list of 11 different issues that needed to be addressed.

“The voice of the Energy Community ministers has been heard by the commission, and the progress which has been made in the contracting parties has been recognized. We see that in different amendments which are proposed. The proposal is going in a good direction. If you ask me whether this is satisfactory and whether it solves all of the problems, no, for two reasons,” he underscored.

The first reason is that it requires time, and the damage will be done from January 1, 2026, when the CBAM implementation starts.

Jørgensen: A lot of progress has happened

“We already see that, for example, the allocations of the cross-border power lines between the contracting parties and the EU member states for next year are dropping significantly,” Lorkowski explained.

The second reason is the issue of completeness. “We are still not certain whether, for example, renewables in the contracting parties can be treated equally as those in the EU,” he said, and added that the secretariat is in communication with the commission on these issues.

According to European Commissioner for Energy Dan Jørgensen, it is clear that a lot of progress has been made in what will hopefully be future EU member states or neighbors, especially in the transposition of EU energy law.

Focus on four issues

According to the secretariat, the ministers further committed to advancing a coherent and predictable framework to sustain electricity market integration while creating the enabling conditions for the clean energy transition.

The secretariat highlighted four issues.

First, contracting parties will individually pursue national carbon pricing models according to their domestic circumstances, while work continues to explore coordination possibilities and ensure coherence between national carbon pricing systems in view of their gradual alignment with the EU ETS.

Second, the Energy Community framework will further incorporate core EU legislation on nature conservation, biodiversity, and water protection into the Energy Community Treaty.

Third, to keep momentum behind the rapid growth of renewables, the contracting parties will step up efforts to secure mutual recognition of guarantees of origin with the EU.

Finally, effective coordination and implementation of national energy and climate plans (NECPs) is critical, participants agreed.

The EU’s recent agreement on the 2040 climate targets sets a clear direction, and contracting parties must follow this pathway as they develop their long-term energy and climate policies, the update reads.

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December 11, 2025
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Energy Community: Serbia best in Western Balkans in alignment with EU regulations

Integration with the European Union is advancing in practice, and the decade ahead must sustain the momentum with focus and determination, Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski pointed out in this year’s Annual Implementation Report.

Serbia fares best in the Western Balkans, as it advanced to 63% from 55%. Bosnia and Herzegovina is at the bottom of the entire Energy Community chart, with alignment at just 26%.

Following the 2025 CBAM Readiness Tracker, the Energy Community Secretariat also published its Annual Implementation Report 2025. The international organization marked its 20th anniversary this year.

“The message from Athens was clear: integration with the European Union is advancing in practice, and the decade ahead must sustain this momentum with focus and determination. The 2025 Implementation Report reflects this direction. It shows a region taking decisive steps toward alignment with the EU acquis and strengthening the foundations required for accelerated integration. It also highlights where further effort is needed for gradual integration with the EU energy markets – completing the electricity market coupling, boosting the cross-border trade in renewables, eliminating bottlenecks for gas flows, synchronising energy infrastructure development and gradual alignment of carbon pricing mechanisms,” Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski stressed.

He added that electricity integration remains central. Several contracting parties completed the required transposition of the European Union’s Electricity Integration Package (EIP), while others advanced significantly.

Deadline for requests for 2028 market coupling to expire in seven months

Intensive market coupling efforts throughout 2025 by contracting parties and EU stakeholders have laid the groundwork for a compliant and sustainable integration process, according to the Annual Implementation Report. Of note, market coupling is the requirement for an exemption from the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) for electricity.

Contracting parties aiming to go live in 2028 must submit a formal request by July, the secretariat warned.

Energy Community Serbia best score Western Balkans
Photo: Energy Community Secretariat

Montenegro, North Macedonia advance slightly to match average

Five main indicators measure the integration with the EU energy markets and they are combined into an overall score. The Energy Community as a whole is at 53%.

Moldova has advanced the most in the process by far, climbing eight points from last year to reach 74%. Serbia fares best in the Western Balkans, as it advanced to 63% from 55%. It ranked the highest last year as well. Bosnia and Herzegovina is at the lowest level again. It retreated four points, to just 26%.

Montenegro and North Macedonia advanced slightly, both to 53%, to match the Energy Community average. Kosovo* has weakened to 46% while Albania remained at 50%.

At 61%, North Macedonia is in the lead in the Western Balkans in the markets and integration segment. Serbia reached the highest level in the Energy Community in energy sector decarbonization, 83%.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
December 2, 2025
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Just Transition Forum unites regional leaders to tackle energy poverty, shape fair energy future

Governments, partners, civil society and community leaders from across Europe gathered in Tbilisi for the Energy Community’s Just Transition Forum to explore how energy efficiency can help end energy poverty and strengthen public trust in the clean-energy transition.

The forum delivered a clear message: a just transition cannot succeed without meaningful dialogue with diverse civil society and non-governmental partners, whose expertise and perspectives must be integrated into planning. As contracting parties begin preparing their new national energy and climate plans (NECPs), embedding just transition in transparent frameworks and long-term strategies is key to turning decarbonization commitments into real benefits for people and communities.

This principle is further reflected in the Energy Community’s newly published Just Transition Policy Guidelines, which guide governments in integrating just transition elements into energy and climate planning – ensuring that decarbonization goes hand in hand with social protection, local opportunity, and public trust, while supporting alignment with the European Union’s clean energy and climate objectives.

Lorkowski: New NECPs should tell story of just, sustained transition

Opening the forum, Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski underscored the importance of the current moment for regional energy and climate planning. The new NECPs, he stressed, should tell the story of a just and sustained transition.

“We are entering a pivotal moment for the region’s energy and climate future. With just transition principles at the core, they can pave the way toward EU energy market integration and turn the green transition into an engine of investment, inclusion, and shared prosperity,” Lorkowski stated.

Critically, the Energy Community’s Governance Regulation requires contracting parties to assess and address energy poverty in their NECPs. It is an opportunity to ensure that energy-poor households receive targeted support and remain central to energy efficiency and decarbonization efforts.

Just Transition Forum unites regional leaders energy poverty fair energy future

Energy Efficiency First for Energy Poverty

To drive the agenda forward, forum participants drew on insights from the secretariat’s study Energy Efficiency First for Energy Poverty. It reveals that 30% to 40% of households in Kosovo*, Albania, North Macedonia, and Georgia face energy poverty, and shows how targeted energy efficiency investments can transform lives across the region – making homes warmer, healthier, and more affordable to run.

By prioritizing vulnerable households, establishing renovation funds, and applying the Energy Efficiency First (EE1st) principle, contracting parties could cut household energy demand by more than 60%, create up to 19 local jobs for every EUR 1 million invested, and triple the wider benefits through improved well-being, comfort, and productivity.

Energy Community contracting parties could cut household energy demand by more than 60%

Emphasizing the importance of a people-centred transition, Head of EU Delegation to Georgia Paweł Herczyński stated: “For the European Union, a just transition is not only an environmental goal. It is a commitment to people, fairness and long-term resilience. This transformation must be built through dialogue, transparency and the active participation of communities. Ensuring that this transition succeeds, it will depend on transparent governance, democratic credibility and alignment with the EU standards.”

The forum also celebrated the winners of this year’s Just Transition Young Voices Awards. Their work highlighted how listening to those most affected by the transition — and youth, who will carry it forward — is essential to understanding the diverse realities of communities navigating the shift to a greener economy.

Cooperating partners for the forum included the Delegation of the European Union to Georgia, KfW on behalf of the German government, AFD – Agence Française de Développement, and the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs of Austria.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
December 2, 2025
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3rd Conference on Advancing Renewable Investments – guarantees of origin could drive Europe’s green energy integration

As CBAM nears implementation, the Ljubljana conference highlighted market tools and partnerships to accelerate clean energy integration with the European Union, the Energy Community Secretariat said. It pointed out that as more renewables capacity is connected to the grid, storage and flexibility solutions would become increasingly vital to enable the sector’s continued growth and integration.

The rollout of national electronic registries for guarantees of origin was recognized as essential to verifying the low-carbon value of regional electricity exports and advancing market-based integration with the EU.

Ministers, regulators, investors, and private sector representatives from across South East and Eastern Europe gathered in Ljubljana for the 3rd Conference on Advancing Renewable Investments, hosted by the Energy Community Secretariat and the Government of Slovenia, to boost renewable investment and advance the region’s shift toward clean, interconnected energy systems.

“Energy Community contracting parties are advancing accelerated integration with the EU’s electricity market – a process that, thanks to the Energy Community framework, with market coupling nearing completion, can be achieved even ahead of full EU membership. Expanding renewables is central to this effort, enabling countries to align with EU policy targets and speed up decarbonisation,” the update reads.

Integration with the EU’s electricity market can be achieved ahead of full membership

The results are tangible, according to the Energy Community Secretariat’s 2025 CBAM Readiness Tracker. Renewable energy excluding large hydropower has increased by more than 50% since 2020 – reaching 5.1 GW, fuelled largely by governmental support schemes.

While it is a notable success, continued progress will depend on the contracting parties’ ability to build on this momentum and mobilize efforts beyond government support to fully meet the ambitious 2030 targets set out in their national energy and climate plans (NECPs) and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. As more renewables capacity is connected to the grid, storage and flexibility solutions will become increasingly vital to enable the sector’s continued growth and integration, the organizers said.

Uncertanties emerging ahead of CBAM charge introduction

At the same time, as the definitive phase of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) begins on January 1, uncertainties are emerging for renewable energy investors, the secretariat stressed.

Discussions at the conference highlighted stakeholders’ expectations for the European Commission to clarify CBAM implementation rules, while continuing to rely on the secretariat to raise concerns about potential risks to renewable energy investments arising from unintended CBAM impacts.

As a no-regret pathway, participants discussed measures to accelerate the shift toward market-driven renewable investments, strengthening the sector’s credibility and long-term financial stability. A matchmaking dialogue brought together renewables producers and corporate buyers, reflecting growing private-sector interest in long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs) to boost investment and market confidence.

Lorkowski: GOs turn transparency into trust, trust into investment

Finally, the rollout of national electronic registries for guarantees of origin (GOs) was recognized as essential to verifying the low-carbon value of regional electricity exports and advancing market-based integration with the EU.

“Guarantees of origin are the compass guiding Energy Community markets toward the EU’s clean energy future. They turn transparency into trust, and trust into investment, enabling regional producers to access new markets, attract financing, and build confidence in the energy transition,” said Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski.

Ongoing efforts to establish a mutual recognition framework with the EU are underway, in close coordination with the European Commission and the Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB), to enable cross-border trade in renewable electricity.

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October 30, 2025
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Renewable electricity should not be subject to EU’s CO2 import tax

The European Commission is collecting evidence to come up with solutions for unintended effects of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on renewable electricity in the Western Balkans, Director of the Energy Community Secretariat Artur Lorkowski pointed out in an interview with Balkan Green Energy News, as one of the most important developments in the sector. Boosting renewable energy development and trade with third countries such as the Western Balkans was supposed to be accelerated by the European Union’s CO2 import tax.

To reduce the payment obligations of EU importers under CBAM, the contracting parties in the region are planning carbon pricing systems, but under different models. The ultimate goal is eventually joining the EU Emissions Trading System, implying the need for coordination and cooperation between the governments in the process, Lorkowski stressed.

Looking back twenty years since the Energy Community Treaty was signed, it proved to be a successful format of cooperation, the Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski said. On the occasion of the anniversary, Balkan Green Energy News sat down with the head of the international organization to speak about the achievements and benefits for the contracting parties, and the remaining milestones that the Western Balkans need to reach in order to integrate with the EU’s energy union.

“Economic growth depends on energy security and fair pricing. There is visible progress in transformation, clearly seen from the 2024 figures. And the final element is the accelerated energy market integration with the EU, and this is what we can be really proud of,” Lorkowski asserted.

Among the segments with tangible improvements, he also highlighted the convergence on the wholesale gas and electricity markets. It is facilitating competitiveness in the Energy Community, the secretariat’s chief added.

Renewables capacity doubled in four years

Fossil fuels used to account for 60% of electricity production in the contracting parties five years ago, compared to 50% now, Lorkowski noted. The significant results in renewables except for large hydro are illustrated by the fact that the overall capacity in the segment has more than doubled between 2020 and 2024, he stressed. More importantly, the carbon footprint – the CO2 emissions per unit of the nominal gross domestic product, fell 11% last year alone.

CO2 emissions per unit of the nominal GDP fell 11% last year in the Energy Community

As for EU integration, electricity market coupling is progressing very well, as a good example, in Lorkowski’s view. The legislation is mostly aligned, so most countries are just waiting for the process to be concluded, the director of the Energy Community Secretariat explained.

“There are operating wholesale markets everywhere in the Western Balkans except in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is about to adopt the required law. Serbia is at the forefront of that process. North Macedonia and Montenegro are very close, with small elements yet to be achieved. It is a non-reversible point, point of no return on a path towards EU integration,” Lorkowski said. He recalled that when capacity calculations regions (CCRs), operationalization and verification are cleared from the to-do list, it would take 18 months to join the EU’s market coupling project.

Electricity can be exempted from CBAM at later stage

Energy Community contracting parties may become eligible for exemption until 2030 from CBAM in electricity, if they meet the CBAM requirements. However, the EU is starting to charge the CO2 import tax already on January 1.

“I wish the contracting parties followed my messages from the Belgrade Energy Forum in 2023, because you might remember me saying that CBAM is coming and we have to prepare for that. But unfortunately, we have observed a lot of delays and hiccups in the preparatory process. Fair enough, this is the reality we have to face now – no country of the Energy Community will be exempted on 1 January 2026. But we can still work to be exempted at a later stage,” Lorkowski underscored.

Artur Lorkowski was a keynote speaker at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025, organized by Balkan Green Energy News

European Commission expected to clarify rules by end of year

The second part of the story is that CBAM, in addition to its intended impacts, especially on coal power, also has unintended impacts, Lorkowski explained. For example, electricity transit between EU member states through the contracting parties, in practice, may also be subject to the tax, even if it was not intended by the European legislators.

CBAM was intended to provide equal treatment for products produced inside and outside the EU when it comes to carbon payments. “Renewable energy, not being subject to the EU ETS, would – logically – not need to be subject to CBAM, but with the current rules, even EU off-takers with cross-border power purchase agreements (PPAs) may still be subject to payment obligations, as the implementing rules remain overly complex, effectively treating them in the same way as fossil fuel importers. These are real problems that stakeholders have been raising with us in our targeted outreach to power companies, traders, and other stakeholders both from the EU and Energy Community,” Lorkowski added.

Legislative efforts to further improve trade in renewables with the EU continue under the Energy Community

The Energy Community Ministerial Council reported it in Athens to the European Commission and asked it to find a solution.

Lorkowski said he expects the EU’s top executive body to soon issue implementing and delegated acts, by the end of 2025, clarifying the CBAM implementation rules, and to follow it up in 2026 with a targeted amendment proposal on electricity.

Legislative efforts to further improve trade in renewables with the EU continue under the Energy Community. “The European Commission has presented to the contracting parties a draft decision on the mutual recognition of guarantees of origin and is now awaiting their feedback. I hope that in 2026 we can have a decision. But it does not mean that the guarantees of origin can be used as the currency for paying the CBAM fee. That would require amending the CBAM legislation,” he stated.

Carbon pricing systems need to evolve toward matching EU ETS

For a potential reduction of CBAM payments in other areas as well – iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, cement and hydrogen – third countries need to introduce carbon pricing systems. Serbia recently drafted legislation for a CO2 tax and for a tax on imports of carbon-intensive products. It is a good step forward, according to Lorkowski.

“We expect each and every country to make a decision on the carbon pricing. All of the countries of the Energy Community, with the exception of Kosovo*, have communicated to the secretariat which model they will implement. And the models vary: from Serbia’s carbon tax to a domestic emissions trading system of Montenegro, which is already in place,” he revealed.

There is no uniform carbon pricing model for the Energy Community

Namely, the Energy Community Ministerial Council decided not to implement a uniform regional carbon pricing mechanism but opted for individual models. They should all be built with the perspective of aligning eventually with the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), Lorkowski said.

“The key challenge now for the Energy Community is how to maintain the integrity of the electricity market between the contracting parties and the European Union after CBAM enters its definitive phase from next January. We need to figure out how to coordinate among the systems. It implies not only the existence of the domestic carbon markets, but also the cooperation within the region,” he pointed out.

Ministerial Council to announce way forward on carbon pricing coordination

The Ministerial Council is due to conclude on carbon pricing at its regular annual meeting in December, Lorkowski said.

“The three critical elements are how much the CO2 will cost, who will pay – which businesses and sectors are in scope – and when those carbon pricing systems will be introduced. They need to maintain the integrity of the market, the level playing field of the market, and avoid market distortions,” the top Energy Community official added.

Practical policies more important than coal phaseout dates alone

Turning to the coal phaseout, essential for the decarbonization of the economy, Lorkowski acknowledged the significance of political declarations such as the Sofia Declaration and commitments from the national energy and climate plans (NECPs).

“That said, it is critically important to anchor the actions for the future with practical policies. The decisions on the establishment of carbon pricing mechanisms are even more important. In addition, we should focus on monitoring, reporting and verification – MRV systems. The contracting parties need to identify emitters and measure quantities,” the director of the Energy Community Secretariat underscored.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
October 30, 2025
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Energy Community’s CBAM Readiness Tracker: Western Balkans still far from exemption as full implementation nears

With less than three months remaining until the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is fully implemented, none of the Energy Community’s contracting parties has yet qualified for an exemption in the electricity segment, according to the 2025 CBAM Readiness Tracker. However, the Energy Community’s report suggests that efforts to meet the are gaining momentum, with Serbia, Moldova, North Macedonia, and Montenegro leading the way to market coupling with the EU, and almost all contracting parties planning to introduce carbon pricing.

These efforts signal a growing readiness across the Energy Community to turn CBAM into a catalyst for deeper regional energy market integration and decarbonization, according to the annual report.

“The progress reflected in this year’s tracker underlines that CBAM can drive – not deter – regional cooperation on the energy transition,” Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski stressed and added that the scheme should “serve as a bridge into the EU, not a barrier.”

Lorkowski: CBAM should serve as a bridge into the EU

Starting on January 1, 2026, the EU will charge fees on the CO2 emissions of goods imported from countries that don’t apply matching carbon pricing schemes. In addition to electricity, the carbon border tax will cover cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, and hydrogen.

Serbia faces the highest exposure to CBAM costs

Estimates based on 2024 data show the CBAM exposure of EU electricity importers could reach around EUR 1.17 billion a year. Serbia accounts for the largest share, with an estimated EUR 612.5 million in annual CBAM costs, followed by North Macedonia, with about EUR 200 million, Montenegro, EUR 190 million, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, EUR 158 million. Moldova’s exposure is about EUR 6 million, while Albania, which has an electricity mix almost entirely dominated by renewables, faces no CBAM-related costs, according to the report.

The estimated average CBAM cost per megawatt-hour is EUR 33.14 for Moldova, EUR 59.71 for North Macedonia, EUR 62.45 for Montenegro, EUR 66.71 for Serbia, and EUR 73.37 for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The criteria for a CBAM exemption for electricity include integrating the power market with the EU and introducing a carbon pricing system. A contracting party must also adopt EU regulations on energy, electricity, environment, and competition, increase the share of renewables in its energy mix to align with the EU’s 2030 targets, commit to climate neutrality by 2050 and submit a related roadmap to the EU, and implement measures to prevent indirect electricity imports from non-compliant countries.

Advances evident in emissions, renewables, and market coupling

The 2025 CBAM Readiness Tracker shows that last year alone, carbon intensity across the contracting parties’ power sectors fell by an average of 11%. At the same time, capacity from renewables, excluding large hydro, surged to 5.1 GW from 2 GW between 2020 and 2024. The expansion was driven almost entirely by solar and wind, helped by renewable energy auctions.

When it comes to electricity market integration, no contracting party has completed market coupling with the EU. However, Serbia, Moldova, North Macedonia, and Montenegro are approaching a “point of no return,” which represents a full transposition of EU regulations relevant for market coupling, according to the tracker.

The energy transition unfolding across the Energy Community contracting parties is both tangible and measurable, Adam Cwetsch, Head of the Green Deal Unit at the Energy Community Secretariat, told Balkan Green Energy News. “Carbon intensity in electricity production and economic output continues to fall, while renewable energy deployment accelerates through competitive auctions. This progress reflects a clear commitment to European decarbonisation goals and lays the foundation for deeper energy market integration and long-term climate neutrality,” he stressed.

The secretariat remains committed to ensuring the process continues smoothly – without obstacles from possible unintended impacts of CBAM, Cwetsch said.

Even though no contracting party has introduced a carbon pricing instrument for electricity, almost all of them have outlined plans to establish domestic systems that reflect their specific circumstances.

“This is a crucial step toward alignment with the EU’s carbon pricing framework under CBAM. The rollout of monitoring, reporting, and verification systems across the region is laying the groundwork for implementation and demonstrates growing readiness and credibility, even as timelines remain tight and challenges persist,” Cwetsch stated.

Available carbon pricing models are carbon taxes, ETS and a combination of the two

The available models are a carbon tax, an emissions trading system (ETS), and a hybrid version. The only contracting party that has no plans to introduce carbon pricing is Kosovo*, according to the report.

All contracting parties have concluded agreements to apply EU law in the fields of energy, electricity (including renewable energy), the environment, and competition. In each of them, the implementation of renewable energy legislation is either underway or showing visible progress, the report shows.

No Western Balkan country has included the EU’s 2050 climate goals into national legislation

On the other hand, Ukraine and Moldova are the only ones that have included the 2050 climate neutrality objective in national legislation, while no contracting party has submitted a corresponding roadmap to the EU.

Another requirement that no one has yet fulfilled is the establishment of an effective system to prevent indirect import of electricity into the EU from other third countries or territories that do not meet the CBAM exemption criteria for electricity.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
October 8, 2025
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Powering the Future with Sustainable Energy – North Macedonia to host 14-IFESD forum on October 28-30

Over 300 officials, policymakers, experts, business leaders, scholars and civil society representatives are gathering in Skopje on October 28 at the three-day International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development (14-IFESD). Key topics include energy connectivity, energy security, a just energy transition and international energy cooperation.

The 14th International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development (14-IFESD) will be held from October 28 to 30 at the Hotel Holiday Inn Skopje in North Macedonia. This year’s theme, From Goals to Action: Powering the Future with Sustainable Energy, will guide discussions among more than 300 participants, including officials, policymakers, energy experts, business leaders, scholars and civil society representatives.

They will discuss critical topics such as energy connectivity, energy security, just energy transition, international energy cooperation and collective efforts to accelerate the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

The forum will serve as a platform for shaping actionable strategies to accelerate progress toward global sustainable energy goals

The Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources is organizing the event in collaboration with the UN Development Programme (UNDP) Country Office in North Macedonia and the five regional commissions: UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC), UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).

Last year’s IFESD was held in Bangkok.

The speakers list includes Prime Minister Hristijan Mickoski, Minister of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources Sanja Božinovska, Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski and Minister of Energy and Mining of Montenegro Admir Šahmanović.

The forum will serve as a platform for shaping actionable strategies to accelerate progress toward global sustainable energy goals, the organizers said.

One of the segments on the first day of 14-IFESD is dedicated to opportunities for the mitigation of methane emissions from the coal sector. It will take place in a hybrid format – onsite and online.

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July 22, 2025
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Ninth Energy Community Summer School gathers 40 participants in Montenegro from 28 countries

The ninth Energy Community Summer School has kicked off in Montenegro, gathering 40 participants from 28 countries.

On July 19, forty young professionals and researchers from 28 countries convened at the Faculty of Maritime Studies in Kotor, Montenegro, to dive deep into the pressing technical, political, and economic issues driving the energy transition, according to the Energy Community Secretariat.

“The energy transition is no longer a distant goal—it’s happening now, shaped by technology, driven by policy, and tested by crises,” Artur Lorkowski, Director of the Energy Community Secretariat, said in his welcoming address.

Lorkowski: A successful and just transition depends on bringing together diverse people and perspectives

A successful and just transition depends on bringing together diverse people and perspectives to learn and exchange ideas—just as the secretariat does each year at this summer school, and as it has done for two decades across the Energy Community: building connections, aligning energy rules, and driving the shift to cleaner, more secure energy systems in our region, according to Lorkowski.

The 2025 edition attracted 242 applications from 58 countries. At the end of the selection procedure, 40 participants representing 28 countries were selected: 18 from Energy Community contracting parties, one from an observer country, 18 from EU member states (including seven from the Visegrád Group), and the remainder from Switzerland, South Africa, and the United States.

Among them, 27 hold a master’s degree and 13 have a PhD.

The seven-day program is organized by the Energy Community Secretariat, in collaboration with the International Visegrad Fund, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung – Dialogue Southeast Europe (FES-SOE), and Montenegro’s state-owned companies – power utility Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG), and distribution system operator Crnogorski Elektrodistributivni Sistem (CEDIS).

The Energy Community’s long-standing commitment to building the next generation of leaders

Since its launch in 2016, the initiative has also been supported by Polis University (Tirana), Comenius University (Bratislava), Jagiellonian University (Krakow), Masaryk University (Brno), and REKK (Budapest).

The Summer School reflects the Energy Community’s long-standing commitment to building the   next generation of leaders—those who will drive long-term integration, cooperation, and sustainable energy transformation across the region, the secretariat pointed out.

Throughout the week, participants will work closely with leading experts from academia, industry, and policymaking circles to examine real-world approaches to transforming energy systems.

Through lectures, case studies, and collaborative discussions, they will explore how innovation, cross-border cooperation, and policy reform can drive decarbonization while supporting economic development and regional stability, according to the secreatariat.

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July 21, 2025
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Energy Community marks 20th anniversary as integration pillar for Southeastern Europe

The Energy Community Ministerial Council held its annual informal meeting in Athens, where the organization was founded twenty years ago. No contracting party is expected to meet the criteria for exemption from the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in the electricity sector – the European Union is due to start charging the CO2 tax on January 1 – but the European Commission could propose amendments.

The Energy Community promotes integration, reforms and investments across the region, top officials stressed.

Ministers from the Energy Community contracting parties convened today at the Informal Ministerial Council in Athens to mark the organization’s 20th anniversary. The Energy Community Treaty, establishing the Energy Community, was also signed in the Greek capital. The purpose of the organization is to create a more integrated market, help attract investment and speed up decarbonization by aligning with the European Union’s rules on energy, environment and competitiveness.

In recent years, close cooperation has enabled the contracting parties to strengthen the security of supply, particularly against the backdrop of the ongoing Russian war in Ukraine, the Energy Community Secretariat said. During the annual gathering, hosted by the Greek Ministry of the Environment and Energy, the ministers underlined the need for an accelerated integration with the EU, grounded in delivering a secure, resilient energy transition.

Ministers agreed to revise capacity calculation regions

Many contracting parties are close to completing the reforms needed to launch the 18-month countdown to electricity market coupling – including full legal alignment under the Energy Community’s Electricity Integration Package and the appointment of nominated electricity market operators (NEMOs). If transposition is verified as compliant by the European Commission and the Energy Community Secretariat, integration will be initiated with the EU’s Single Day-Ahead Coupling (SDAC) and Single Intraday Market Coupling (SIDC).

Ministers made a breakthrough in regional coordination, backing a proposal by EU transmission system operators to revise capacity calculation regions (CCRs), now under review by the EU energy regulator ACER – Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators. Recognizing the proposal’s importance for an effective operation of the interconnected grid, they called for swift follow-up, including the operationalization of regional coordination centers (RCCs) and system operation regions (SORs).

The aim is to boost electricity flows and grid security, especially along the north-south corridor of the Balkans, while laying the groundwork for full EU market coupling.

Decarbonization must accelerate ahead of CBAM implementation in 2026

To avoid disruptions to regional electricity trade, clarifying CBAM rules for electricity is a priority for the ministers, the secretariat pointed out. The EU is set to begin charging the carbon border tax on January 1.

Lorkowski: Electricity market integration and decarbonisation are two sides of the same coin

As no contracting party is expected to meet the exemption criteria by then, a proportionate and context-sensitive application of the mechanism is essential, as supported by active engagement in the European Commission’s ongoing call for evidence that precedes the future amendments of the CBAM regulation to be possibly proposed by the European Commission, in the secretariat’s view.

“Electricity market integration and decarbonisation are two sides of the same coin. The green energy transition unlocks meaningful integration with the EU market – and vice versa. Only by aligning policy, infrastructure, and pricing can contracting parties fully realise the benefits of clean, secure, and affordable energy,” said Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski.

The ministers called for carbon revenues to support vulnerable communities and mobilize investment in clean energy, stressing that just transition financing must go hand in hand with policy reforms.

Energy Community Treaty is now cornerstone of Europe’s energy architecture

Born out of crisis and shaped by cooperation, the Energy Community Treaty has become a cornerstone of Europe’s energy architecture, Lorkowski stressed. What began as an unlikely experiment in regional integration has grown into a dynamic framework – extending the EU’s internal energy market, strengthening energy security, and advancing the clean energy transition across South-Eastern and Eastern Europe, he asserted.

Energy Community contracting parties can fully integrate their electricity markets with the EU before joining it

“Our contracting parties are now on the cusp of a major breakthrough: full electricity market integration with the EU – even ahead of accession. This is the product of two decades of reform, dialogue, and trust-building. With the right political will, we can move from transposition to transformation,” Lorkowski stated.

In his view, Greece is the window for the Energy Community contracting parties to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market and the access point to the European electricity system. Close cooperation with the Western Balkans has economic benefits for Greece – but beyond the economy, it is also about security and stability, Lorkowski said at the event.

Energy Community pioneered extension of EU energy market

Over the past two decades, the Energy Community has brought the EU closer to its neighbours, pioneering the extension of the trade bloc’s energy market across its borders, promoting integration, reforms and investments across the region, according to European Commissioner for Energy and Housing Dan Jørgensen.

“Now it is time to look ahead at our shared future based on a greener, sustainable and resilient system which will bring cheaper energy and more security to all,” he said.

Separately, in an interview with Kathimerini, Jørgensen noted that Southeastern Europe experienced electricity price spikes last summer, mainly in the evening hours, due to a lack of cross-border capacity and sufficient flexibility. The only solution is further infrastructure and market integration, as costs are separated and benefits are multiplied, he opined.

For every EUR 2 billion invested annually in cross-border infrastructure, the potential benefits reach up to EUR 5 billion, the commissioner added.

Papastavrou: Southeastern Europe’s is at disadvantage as its electricity market is not fully integrated with EU

Southeastern Europe is still not fully integrated with the EU, which is a structural disadvantage for citizens, said Minister of Environment and Energy of Greece Stavros Papastavrou.

“I am very optimistic after the first session of the meeting, because all the contracting parties expressed commitment, a strong commitment, to market coupling,” he stated. Papastavrou said a lot of work is required in the electricity sphere to bridge the gap for the prosperity of citizens and the entire region.

Energy integration is one of the pillars of EU accession

Energy integration is not just a technical issue – it is one of the fundamental pillars of the EU accession process, the minister told his counterparts from the Energy Community.

“Greece, too, has faced the same challenges that many of you are experiencing today. Back in 2005, our energy system was almost entirely dependent on lignite, by more than 60%. Today, we have reduced lignite use by an impressive 91% – a clear demonstration of our strong commitment to a clean, sustainable, and resilient energy future,” he stated.

Serbia’s Đedović Handanović sees possibility for market coupling with Hungary already next year

Serbia was the first in the region to fulfill the conditions for market coupling with the EU, the country’s Minister of Mining and Energy Dubravka Đedović Handanović said. She urged for the verification process to be accelerated, so that Serbia can connect with the Hungarian market in 2026 and, through it, with the other EU member states.

The minister acknowledged the challenge of the upcoming full implementation of CBAM.

Photo: Minister Dubravka Đedović Handanović (Nenad Kostić / Ministry of Mining and Energy)

Serbian institutions analyzed the available options from the study that the European Commission published. “We think that carbon pricing should be introduced gradually, in phases and fairly, with support from funds from the European Union,” she said.

The minister stressed that revenues from carbon taxes would be directed, like in the EU, to decarbonization, renewables, energy efficiency, just transition and support to companies.

“Without an adequate period of time for the transition from coal to renewable energy sources, without modernizing the network, increasing RES capacities and adjusting the industry, higher carbon costs can only increase the financial pressure on our industry and consumers, which is already happening in the EU, instead of resulting in a significant emissions reduction in the short term. Solving these issues requires careful planning, a phasein and the EU’s targeted financial support, so that climate goals would be aligned with the economic reality,” Đedović Handanović said.

She recalled that EU member states had more than two decades to gradually adjust to carbon emission levies. Đedović Handanović affirmed that Serbia is willing to continue its alignment with the EU’s energy and climate policy.

“All the reform measures that we are conducting are primarily for the benefit of our citizens and companies, and we won’t make decisions overnight that would jeopardize our energy stability,” she said.

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May 15, 2025
by in News

Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 – energy market reforms accelerate integration into EU

Electricity market coupling with neighbors in the European Union is a major factor in the EU integration of Energy Community contracting parties and the Western Balkans, alongside deeper coordination within the region, the establishment of energy interconnections, investments in renewables and progress in carbon pricing, top officials pointed out at the opening of Belgrade Energy Forum – BEF 2025.

Founder and Editor of Balkan Green Energy News Branislava Jovičić said the current changes in the energy sector can already be called an energy revolution.

The third Belgrade Energy Forum, BEF 2025, started today in Serbia’s capital city, welcoming four hundred participants from more than 30 countries from the region, Europe and beyond. The two-day conference, organized by Balkan Green Energy News, features eight panels with over 50 officials, executives and prominent energy experts.

Serbia was the first in the region to meet the preconditions for electricity market coupling with neighboring countries in the European Union and Energy Community, said Minister of Mining and Energy Dubravka Đedović Handanović. She added that the technical process would be completed within 18 months after the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) and European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) conduct the necessary steps.

Electricity market coupling will be completed within 18 months when the technical process starts

“It will be a historic event for our country for its benefits for citizens and companies, as it will ensure a more stable electricity supply and access to more affordable energy prices. It will turn us into an equal member within the region but also the EU as concerns the energy sector,” Đedović Handanović stated.

The SEEPEX power exchange has already prepared implementation projects with its counterparts in Hungary and Bulgaria for market coupling on their borders, the minister stressed.

Up to EUR 15 billion needs to be invested in energy

Đedović Handanović also pointed out that domestic and European regulators certified Serbia’s gas transmission system operator Transportgas for the first time. The start of construction of the Serbia-Hungary oil pipeline is expected to begin early next year at the latest, the minister said.

The baseline for the development plan for energy infrastructure and energy efficiency should be completed by the end of May, she revealed. It identifies the need for EUR 14 billion to EUR 15 billion in investments in the next ten years, according to Đedović Handanović. Renewables and new hydropower potential account for EUR 7 billion, she said.

Serbia will double the electricity transmission capacity with Hungary and increase it with Bulgaria, the minister asserted.

Serbia is frontrunner in region with its progress toward market coupling

As the Western Balkan region confronts the trailing trilemma of decarbonization, affordability, and energy security, the need for an accelerated integration with the European Union has never been more urgent, Energy Community Secretariat Director Artur Lorkowski said.

The organization provides a platform for the process, a strategic window of opportunity to inspire market confidence now, not in years or months to come, he explained. Lorkowski said it implies deeper coordination among Energy Community contracting parties in removing cross-border bottlenecks and harmonizing market operations.

Above all, there is an urgent need to move forward on electricity market integration with the EU, so the region can fully benefit from it in 2027, he noted, underscoring that Serbia is the frontrunner.

Exporters of electricity to the EU can attend a technical consultative meeting in Brussels on July 1

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is another urgent priority, Lorkowski said. He announced that the Energy Community Secretariat and European Commission would organize a technical consultative meeting in Brussels on July 1 for electricity exporters to the EU.

The establishment of domestic carbon pricing mechanisms is inevitable, Lorkowski warned. The question is how to introduce domestic carbon pricing and keep energy prices affordable for households and competitive for businesses, he told the audience at BEF 2025.

“The way forward is clearly defined, and the conditions linked to energy market reform and decarbonization are well known. And I’m, frankly speaking, very optimistic that progress on these issues can be substantive in months and years to come,” the secretariat’s head stressed.

Jovičić: Energy revolution underway

Energy and climate issues are among the most important ones in the world today, as well as in Southeastern Europe, Founder and Editor of Balkan Green Energy News Branislava Jovičić said. All stakeholders, aware of the necessity of rapid changes and prudent solutions, are working toward a secure energy supply and decarbonization, she added.

“Last year we spoke about the energy transition. This year we can freely call the changes in the energy sector an energy revolution,” Jovičić stated. The five pillars of the energy revolution are solar and wind power, battery storage, digitalization, nuclear energy and decentralized generation and consumption, she stressed.

Balkan Green Energy News is a leading energy media website in the region and one of the top 50 in the world, Branislava Jovičič said.

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