Sofia will be a green European capital and will host the 9^th edition of the Congress and Exhibition on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, which will be held from 29^th until 31^st May 2013 in Bulgaria.

Building integrated photovoltaics and smart buildings are the two new accents of the event. Due to the rapid increase of energy consumption, more industries and people in South-East Europe  start  to become interested in small scale solar-, wind- and biomass plants and installations, as well as, in intelligent building solutions.

The CONGRESS

The Congress will gather energy and environmental experts who will meet to share and absorb new ideas, as well as willoutline the perspectives for powering the economy of the Region with clean energy applications and improvements in energy efficiency.

Experts, managers, investors and municipality representatives from South-East Europe will  join the Forum. Top-level speakers from the European Renewable Energies Federation (EREF), Pike Research – a Part of Navigant, European Commission – DG Energy, EuroACE, Bulgarian Green Building Council, European Patent Office, Bulgarian Photovoltaic Association, Energy Economics Group, Vienna University of Technology, etc. will give their perspectives on the financial, technological and trade opportunities in the green economy and engage delegates in stimulating discussions.

The main topics will be: Ten Trends in Smart Buildings, EE Financing Models and European Legislation, Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings, Building Integrated Photovoltaics, Agricultural, Landfill & Wastewater Biofuels, etc.

Program Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 

Early Bird Rates – till 30 April 2013   

*When you make your registration, please write in the cell ‘On the recommendation of’: Albania Energy Association.

 Brochure    

The EXHIBITION will put on display a vast range of equipment for sustainable energy solutions from around the world.

Highlights:

● Aurstrian Pavilion

● Exhibitors from Austria, Argentina, Bulgaria, China,  Germany, Greece, Italy and Switzerland

● Astronergy/Chint Solar, Biogest, Cink Hydro, European Patent Office, Global Hydro Energy, Costruzioni Nazzareno, Heliocentris, Polytechnik, Krannich Solar, Solar Ways, Sputnik Engineering (Solarmax),  Ziehl-Abegg, Weiss, etc. are among the participants.

Register to visit FREE and win a SOLAR gift

Parallel Exhibitions: LiftBalkans (elevators and escalators) and Save the Planet (waste management)

Organizer:  Via Expo

  T +359 32 512 906 | E office@viaexpo.com | W www.viaexpo.com

The post Congress and Exhibition on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

  THIS PAGE IS UNDER UPDATE – COMING SOON

The post THIS PAGE IS UNDER UPDATE appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

Egnatia O-Albania was established in Tirana in October 2000 having as main target to support the “start up” of AMC network. In 2001 started providing full “turn-key” services for AMC. Since then we have worked for Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent, NSN(ex-Nokia & ex-Siemens) and Huawei for AMC, Vodafone, Alb Telecom, Plus Mobile, fixed and mobile telephony Networks. Today, with the support of experienced mother company our goal is to expand our activities to Renewable energy industry.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

The renewable energy sources and their exploitation are at the core of the sustainable development. This development is supported by EGNATIA TEL and Egnatia O-Albania  through its rationale and practices as it undertakes not only the supply of energy production equipment, but also the research, the development and management of non energy productive materials and telecommunication applications required for the projects. The supply of vertical services and integrated construction solutions to the investors in photo-voltaic and wind parks is one of the company activities experiencing a startling expansion.

Energy & Sustainable Resources – Service Provided

• Investigation of locations
• Energy efficiency studies
• Lightning protection studies
• Authorisation issuing
• Environmental studies
• Signing of contract with the Hellenic Transmission System Operator S.A
• Preparation of development file
• Construction of production plant
• Installation of energy equipment
• Control and connection to the network
• 2-year good operation guarantee
• Plant maintenance
• Insurance coverage of operations
• Protection and guarding

Energy & Sustainable Resources – Equiptment

EGNATIA TEL and Egnatia O-Albania  provides the following, either separately or as part of the vertical solution schedule:

1. EGNATRACK II

It is the photovoltaic energy component tracking system provided by EGNATIA TEL.

The EGNATRACK II has:

• A double shaft with automatic setting of the horizontal shaft
• Optimized operation setting for units of various sizes and for every type of soil
• High resistance for long-lasting operation without malfunctions

2. EGNATIA WIND MAST FAMILY

Lattice wind energy potential measurement masts for heights up to 102 m and reduced base plate. They are economical and easy to install in remote or difficult to access areas thanks to their reduced base plate surface.

Made of high quality material, they guarantee both the quality of the structure and the accuracy of the measurement results. The hot-galvanized 6 m elements of tubular section enable flexibility in terms of final height as well as resistance to the external conditions.

The wind masts belonging to the range of products are designed according to the international standards for wind energy potential measurements so as to register the accurate wind behavior at the specific location.

Contact: 

Egnatia O-Albania Company
Rr. “Andon Zako Cajupi”, Pallati 3,
Hyrja 11, Kati i I-re
Tel: +355 4 2203002
Fax : +355 4 2247469
E-mail: egnatia.albania@egnatia-al.com
www.egnatia-al.com

The post Egnatia O-Albania appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

THE CHARTER OF ALBANIAN ENERGY ASSOCIATION

“SHOQATA SHQIPTARE E ENERGJISË”

THE NAME AND THE LEGAL BASIS OF THE ASSOCIATION

THE MISSION, PROGRAMME, POSITION AND TERRITORY

I – THE NAME AND THE LEGAL BASIS

The official name of the Association is:

“Shoqata  Shqiptare e Energjisë” SHSHE

“Albanian Energy Association’’ AEA

In compliance to the Albanian Legislation, in force, on reference the Law No. 8788, dated on 03.05.2001, “On the Non- Profit Organizations” and the Law No. 8789, dated on 07.05.2001 “On the registration of the Non-Profit Organizations” in the Civil Code of the Republic of Albania, and under the policies of the Association as well, is compiled the charter of the Albanian Energy Association with the following provisions:

Article 1

Non-profit Organization

“Albanian Energy Association” is an organization founded on the free will of its members, non-governmental, non-profit, free from any political party and political organization ideology, and enjoys freedom and autonomy of the actions by the Albanian Legislation in force, its Charter and Regulation. The Association is functioning as a non-profit, non-governmental, non-political and religious entity.

Article 2

Association was founded for an undefined period as a legal organization, non-profit one, with its own seal and bank account.

Article 3

The official name of the Association will be “Shoqata  Shqiptare e Energjisë”, (SHSHE), in the English Language, “Albanian Energy Association”, AEA.

Article 4

Mission and Objectives

4.1 Mission

The Mission of the Association is to promote varieties of the wind energy as one of the cleanest energetic sources and the most sustainable one.

4.2 Objectives

The Objectives of the Association are fulfilled in accordance to its Mission in accordance to the Article 4.1 through:

a) Assisting the Albanian Energetic Sector to become the leader of usage of the sustainable energy.

b) Promotion of the sustainable energy usage for Albania;

c)  The legal support for the local and central government, as well the selected representatives, regulated entities, entrepreneur groups, and other interested parties, providing information, as well developing the concept of renewable energy in Albania;

d) Creation of a forum, through which, the members can organize meetings, exchange ideas, incite the common initiatives, based on the updated information and the technical researches;

e) The Association addresses to the municipalities, local government as well as other organizations on the issues which relates to develop the clean sustainable energy, as well the cut of the gasoline plant debarkation, and other contamination in Albania;

f) Promoting the renewable energy applications in the national and international level, as well the support of activities, taking into consideration the environment impact related to the production and usage of the energy.

4.3 Projects and their Application Field

The support of the following projects:

a. Applied research and development projects;

b. Energy policy analysis;

c. Development of energy information systems and models;

d. Sustainable investments studies, Technical and Economic studies;

e. Investments management;

f. Promote energy efficiency in buildings;

g. Promotion of Albania renewable energy in EU and Balkans.

h. Promotion of various projects on environmental management and sectors of the energy:

4.4 Promotion of various projects and sectors of energy:

a. Fossil fuel power plants;

b. Hydro energy;

c. Wind Energy;

d. Solar Energy;

e. Biomass Energy;

f. Bio-fuel

g. Geothermal energy.

4.5 The Association to carry out with its mission requires:

a. Cooperating with various donors to accomplish the mission;

b. to create and connect with other national and international organizations which have common purposes on this field;

c. the foundation and the support of the local government in the regions of Albania, so that the members will complete within their communities local projects and preliminary policies, with the purpose to aid the Association to develop the energy mission;

d. Organizing workshops, conferences and other promotional and educational events in order to exchange the information and professional trainings;

e. To create connections about the experience exchange and reciprocal assistance with the same organizations/association in other countries, as well organizing different national and international activities;

f. To make efforts to increase the membership including engineers, intellectual, academics, students etc.

g. Creation of “one stop” information source on industry sector and other supportive energy initiatives;

h. To publish information on the activities/events of the association and help providing academic information of the students of the Engineering sector and other sectors in general

Article 5

The Seat, Territory

5.1

The Albanian Energy Association has its seat in the center of Tirana, Albania, Jordan Misja Street, No. 147.

5.2

The Association exercise its activities in all the territory of the Republic of Albania, and on extraordinary reunion even out of the territory of the Republic of Albania and in other countries where are situated the official Albanian Institutions, or where the communication language is Albanian language.

5.3

The Association can establish its new branches in all the other regions of the country (Albania).

5.4

The decision for the establishment of other branches is taken from the Board of the

Association. The activity which will be organized from the branches of the Association, is approved together with the annual plan.

5.5

For the establishment of the new branches is needed at least 8 (eight) members.

5.6

The branches have to respect the global strategy of the association and compile program in accordance to it.

5.7

The branches have their own committee which has to be approved from the Board of the Association. The managing committee of the branches is composed at least of (3) three members.

II. MEMBERSHIP IN THE ASSOCIATION

Article 6

Membership

6.1

The membership process in the Association is done on vulnerary, free and without limitation will, with the only purpose to accept the programmer and the statute of the association, as well to pay in regular basis the fee.

6.2

The membership of the association is mainly composed of:

a. Active members, whom can be every graduated person in the field of: engineering, economic, medical etc.

b. The merit members who have gained their membership through any achievement or well-known contribution on the name of the association, on the nomination from the Board of Association;

c. The associated members, such as: companies, business organizations, associations, with their contributions on the mission of AEA.

d. The appointment of the new members in the AEA (Albanian Energy Association) is highly approved from the Board of Members, whereas in the branches from the Branch Management Committee.

e. The membership of the association neither can be alienated, nor can be inherited.

f. Every member, upon his free will can leave the association, on a written notification addressed to the Management Board. The member, who on his free will leaves the association, does not conserve any economic right on the Association’s property.

g. Only the active members have the rights of participating on the voting process in the General Assembly, or they can profit from the services on reduced tariffs, where the Organization body is AEA (Albanian Energy Association).

Article 7

The rights and obligations of the members:

7.1

The members have the right of:

a. To be aware of the association programs and make possible suggestions on them, to be regularly informed on the Association activities;

b. To be actively involved on the programs and activities undertaken from the Association;

c. To be nominated;

d. To nominate;

e. To promote the aims of the association and participate on its activities;

f. To act in accordance to the charter of the Association and other approved decisions taken from Association;

g. To pay the membership fee on the measure stipulated from the internal regulation of the Association;

h. The membership fee is not obligatory for the retirees and for other persons who are not in working relations. 

7.2

The membership is lost when:

a. The person resigned from it;

b. When the membership fee is not paid regularly (for the following year);

c. In some exceptional cases related to the incompetence of the tasks accomplishment in accordance to the decisions approved by the General Assembly.

d. Competent for the exclusion of a member form the association after the organization of the Board Meeting;

e. The claim of this act can be following pursuant to the legal provisions.

III. – THE FINANCIAL SOURCES AND THE CAPITAL

Article 7

The Financial Sources and the capital

7.1

The financial sources of the Association are as following:

a. The membership fees;

b. The participation fees on difference events organized from the Association;

c. The grants;

d. The sources of income of a non-profit organization are income from dues, when there are such, grants and donations offered by private or public subjects, local or foreign, as well as income from economic activity and the assets owned by the non-profit organization.

e. Income from real estates and non-real estates in accordance to the existing legislation;

7.2

The Association cannot accept donations, or other sponsorship, where such an act limits the Association freedom or its exercise.

7.3

The capital of the Association should be used exclusively for the accomplishment of its purposes.

7.4

The debts of the Association should be paid only from the capital of the Association. Every personal responsibility of the members is expulsed, except of the cases when the damages caused are their action.

7.5

The members have no rights on the Association capital.

7.6

From the general budget of the association can be transferred to the respective branches of the Association in the regions, on their relevant banking accounts, funds for the organization of the approved activities, or for their administrative needs.

7.7

The approval of the persons who will handle the financial issues of the Association, in the headquarters and the branches, is the only competence of Board of Directors.

IV -  THE ASSOCIATION STRUCTURE

Article 8

The Decision making Bodies of the Association

The decision making Bodies of the Association are:

a. The General Assembly;

b. The Board of Directors.

Article 9

The General Assembly:

9.1

The General Assembly is the highest Body of the Association.

9.2

The General Assembly will be composed of all members of the Association.

9.3           

The General Assembly of the Association will be gathered once a year. The notification will be send to all the members of the Association at least 14 (fourteen) days before the Meeting. For undertaking this procedure is responsible the secretary- assistant of the AEA (Albanian Energy Association).  For this reason, all the proposals done from the members in relation to the Association problems will be taken into consideration before the Meeting.

9.4    

The General Assembly Meeting will be asked from the Board of Directors, or from the 1/5 of the members of Association.

9.5

Each from the members of the General Assembly will have the right of one vote, either when he/she is present, or when he/she is represented through a Power of Attorney. In the case when, the votes are equal regarding a decision making, the Chairman vote is obligatory.

9.6

Every member of the General Assembly has the right to be represented but a Power of Attorney. The member should have a Power of Attorney in a written form, and should submit it at the beginning of each Meeting. One person can represent as many members as it is mentioned at the Power of Attorney. At the Power of Attorney, should be deputized the rights that it acts, the limit of this Power of Attorney, and this Act should be regularly submitted in the Secretary-office of the Association.

9.7

All the decisions of the General Assembly can be taken on the basis of the simple majority.

Article 10

The functioning of the General Assembly

10.1

The General Assembly has the competences as following:

a. To approve the annual working plan of the Association;

b. To review and check the annual financial reports, as well as all the other submitted documents from the Board.

c. To prepare and represent materials, as well documents for the discussions sessions of the annual Meeting;

10.2

The General Assembly of the Association can propose amendments regarding the Charter of the Association, suggests adding’s etc. The proposed amendments should be approved by the Board of the Association. Regarding the amendments of a great importance it is necessary the participation of 2/3 of members.

Article 11

The chairman

11.1

The General Assembly selects the Board of Association, and both they select the Head of the Association, once in 4 years, with the re-election right.

The chairman:

a. leads the General Assembly and the Board of Association;

b. has a decisive vote in the case of equal voting poll;

c. cooperates with well-known personalities, in respect to the accomplishment and promotion of the association objectives;

d. is responsible for the increase of funds.

11.2

The chairman authorizes, or delegates the responsibilities to the Deputy Director for the period when he is not able to undertake his functions.

As it was mentioned above, the duties of the AEA Board are several. They include, but are not limited as following:

a. The review of the programs and initiatives on the efficiency, conservation, supply and demand of the renewable energy, as well the compilation of the report regarding these energy sources in Albania;

b. The drafting projects to profit the potential of the efficient energy of the state regarding all the sustainable energy which makes sense and are reachable;

c. The drafting of the projects on the economic and environmental sustainability of the energy system of the state, including the processing to the sustainable sources of high efficiency, which are either renewable or have a low level of the emission of CO2, NOx and low level environment impact ;

d. Searching of the possibilities in order to coordinate programs, which purpose is the conservation of more than one sustainable energy source, including the conversion of the renewable energy and coordination through natural gas, and other programs which have necessity of low level of general usage of non-renewable energies, like fossil fuel ;

e. The searching of new opportunities in order to coordinate the programs which aim is the preservation of several sources of fossil fuel, including here the renovation into the renewable sources of energy and the coordination through the natural gas program and other programs, which have a low level of usage of the fossil fuel.   

f. The development of the tools for the updating of the information and educational  programs with the aim of knowledge increase regarding the energetic efficiency, as well the renewable energy between the Albanian citizen and business;

g. The extend of the efficient governmental programs, with the aim of transforming the state in a leader country of the efficiency energy and sustainable energy, including the constrains which come from the energy usage and costs of fossil fuels;

h. The encouragement of the municipalities and communes, in order to increase the investments  on the efficiency energy and renewable energy as well, through the financial and development of the local committees of the energy;

i. The investigation of the potential financial resources for the development of mechanisms and programs, also the distribution of the efficiency energy and sustainable energy, coordination of the efforts on the financial sources in order to decrease the duplications and improve the cooperation, as well the review on the investments strategies, in order to increase the access of the efficiency energy sources and the renewable energy.

Article 12

The Board

12.1

The Association activities will be headed from the Board, which will be composed of 5 members

12.2

The Members of the Board are nominated from the General Assembly of the Association.

12.3

The members of the Board are nominated for a 4 years period, and have the re-nomination right.

12.4

All the decisions related to the Association, should be taken on a simple majority.

12.5

The Association is leaded from its Board. The chairman will supervise the activities undertaken from the Board, in relation to all the state organizations, donators, and other national and international organizations. The chairman will be responsible for the managing of the association and all the other activities of the association, regarding the funding applications and their efficiently usage.

12.6

In relation to the activities the Board of the Association, establishes the membership of different Commissions (International Relations, Scientific Commission, Energy Sources Commission, Renewable Energy Commission etc.,)

12.7 

In cases when a member of the Board has no possibility to follow the meetings and its activities, or he/she is absent more than in 4 following meetings, then he/she has to give his resignation from the Board, and with a voting majority, is proposed a new member till the next Assembly Meeting.

Article 13

The Boarding Activities

13.1

The Board will be gathered at least 4 times per year on the request of the Association Chairman. The Board will decide on the majority of votes.

13.2

The Board of the Association has these obligations and rights:

a. Guarantees the accomplishment of the mission and objectives of the Association;

b. Determines the general policy of the Association and leads its accomplishment;

c. Signs all the contracts between the Association and other governmental, or non-governmental organizations, as well settles the connections between the donators and provides funds for the association purposes;

d. Determines and approves the internal rules of the association and propose to the General Assembly for every amendment which can be made in the Charter;

e. Determines and gives the rights to specific personnel and legal representative, or other specialized in other services;

f. Approves new members of the Association;

g.  Announces the honorable members and the assessments (awards) for individuals and companies;

h. Supervises the accomplishment of the tasks for all the Association members.

13.3

The Members of the Board are individuals from different fields, who represent the Association’s interests.

The Board leads the Association in the period between the two meetings of the Assembly. The Boards determines and ensures the realization of the short-term and long term projects of the association and its program. The Board guarantees the functioning of the association and its branches in accordance to the Albanian legislation, the Charter, and in compliance to the mission of the Association approves the internal regulation of the association.

13.4

The Board determines the fiscal policies of the association. The Board or their representatives supervises the management and administration of all the materials and financial resources of the association, and establishes various expenses in function of the accomplishment of the association objectives.

13.5

Every member of the Board has the right of one vote. The decisions are valid if only one of the half of the members is present. If necessary, the decisions will be taken through the leaflets and these decisions are valid, when it has been insured the simple majority of these responses positive to these letters.

13.6

The members of the Board will not receive any monthly revenues (monthly salary) or money on their interests, regarding the directly services which they provide, but will be reimbursed for the expenses done in favor of the Association (payments, mobile/telephone fees, travels etc), or can be rewarded pursuant to internal regulation of the Association. 

Article 14

The Board Members

14.1

The Board is composed of the Chairman, a deputy chairman, a secretary-accounting and 5 member.

14.2

a. The Deputy Chairman has all the executive rights, as well as the right to accomplish every action needed for the association and in interest of the accomplishment for its purposes; he/she has the right to represent the association in every governmental institution and donators, in order to accomplish with the association funds in cases when the Chairman is absent.

b. The secretary of the Association completes the Assembly materials, as well to keep the records on the Boards meetings and develops the whole procedure related to the meeting in accordance to the rules determined in the Charter and manages the Association funds.

Article 15

The Executive structures of the Association (Employers of the Association)

The Association can employ executive personnel on monthly salaries, as well staff on voluntary bases, identified on employing contracts for the managing of the programs and activities related to the Association. The executive structures of the association are headed by the Association Board.

V – COOPERATION AND PARTNERITY

Article 16

Cooperation and paternity

16.1

In case when an association, which shares the same aim like the mission and interests of AEA, can express the cooperation will, it can cooperate as a partner. Such kinds of partners can be organizations, institutions, national and international ones.

16.2

The Association can be member of national and international networks.

Article 17

Members of Honors

The Board can propose the members of honor of the Association. The proposal can be made at least from two members of the Association and approved from the Board in the General Assembly.

Article 18

Accounting books and records

The Association will keep and store the accounting books and records, also will keep all the minutes of meetings that will organize. The Association also will keep a record with the names and addresses of all the members of the Association, mentioning their position in the Association.

Article19

Fiscal Year

The fiscal year of the Association will start in the beginning of January and will end in December of each preceding year.

Article 20

Taxes

The Association is funded and exercises its activity, under the non-profit organization status, and every action and activity of the Association will be non-profitable and the profits from these actions will serve only as funds for the Association and to continue its activity. The Association will notify for this reason the Tax Office, in order that the payments will be made in accordance to the laws and be excluded from the taxes.

Article 21

Dissemination

21.1

The Association will be disseminated at any time with the voting in favor of 2/3 of the members of the General Assembly and with the majority of the votes from the Board. In the cases, when will be organized the Meeting of two organs, the General Assembly and the Board, the members will be informed at least 30 days in advance.

21.2

In the case of dissemination of the Association, the profits of the Association will be transferred in another institution or association with the same object of activity. Some similar institutions will be determined beforehand from the Board.

21.3

Till the dissemination of the Association, neither the assets nor the profits of the Association will be transferred or distributed among the members of the Association.

Article 22

General

22.1

On any related issue regarding the activity of the Association, it will be based on its Charter and the Albanian legislation.

APPROVED BY

Dated on: 08.02.2011

The post THE CHARTER OF ALBANIAN ENERGY ASSOCIATION appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

Fossil fuel impact to human health and environment

The hydro-carbons are major part of the polluters. They are compounded of hundreds of specific combinations, which contain carbon and hydrogen. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), which does not enter easily into reaction with NO_x to form smog, but the other part of the hydrocarbons do so. The hydrocarbons are emitted from human sources such as: emitting from vehicles, the steam of gas-oil and the oil refining.

It is very important, as well, to have a figure out of how the energy is produced and how it is used. In order to use in the future a kind of energy that does not lead to problems of the global warming, it is needed to see towards the renewable energy sources as: sun, wind, hydro-energy, biomass and geothermic. These sources do not contain and do not emit CO2 or other polluters during their usage. They do not also produce air polluters and they are never finished. Using the fuel from wood or other plants (energy and biomass) which free CO2, they do not contribute in the global warming. During their growing they consume the carbon, creating therefore a closed cycle.

Emission reduction of RES use

Table 8 The emitting unit coefficients

The foreseen energy for each RES multiplied to these coefficients, give the emitting that can be avoided using the RES according to the potentials described above. Because the electrical energy is not only supplied from fossil fuel, the emitting part of the TPP energy for the 20 years is considered. This coefficient for the study period is 0,3 which means that the electric energy system in Albania will be supplied 30% from the TPP in the next 20 years.

Having the assessment done for the amount of energy that will be provided during the period 2005-2025 from the use of renewable energies, we can calculate the emissions of CO2 equivalent, SOx, NOx, in case this energy would be supplied from TPP burning diesel.

Table 9 Emission reduction from the use of RES

Based on the forecast of the renewable energy penetration, it is calculated the quantity of GHG (Green House Gases) that can be avoided as shown in the following graphics.

Figure 28 GHG emitting avoided from RES usage

Kyoto Protocol and Clean Development Mechanisms Projects

The Protocol of Kyoto is established in December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. It includes legal obligations for 40 industrialized countries, comprising 11 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and aims in the reduction of the green house gas of 5 % lower than in 1990, as an average for the first obligation period: 2008-2012. The Protocol of Kyoto includes the cooperation mechanisms compiled to enable the industrialized countries (Parties of Annex I) in order to reduce the achievement costs through the reduction of the emitting of GHG in other countries, where the cost is lower than own countries. These mechanisms tent to reduce the cost and take measures against the climate change phenomena.

Furthermore, the industrialized countries need to meet other participation requirements, such as:

• The respecting of Article 3 of Kyoto Protocol related to the definite amount of discharges,
• The establishment of national system of the GHG assessment,
• The establishment of the national register of the GHG discharge,
• The development of an annual inventory, and
• The establishment of an accounting system for the sell and purchase of the reduced discharge.

In order to be eligible, a CDM project has to:

• Be implemented in accordance with the national policies and relevant strategies of the project hosting country and in a broader context with the policies for a sustainable development.
• Be “complimentary” which implies the reduction of the discharge being present despite of the project implementation.

There is a lot of financial profiting from the organization implementing CDM project. Initially the sell of CER known as “carbon mortgage” generates additional project incomes. Secondly, the CDM project can be a solution for the diversification and reduction of investment risk in this project. The implementation of CDM project can be part of the strategy for the company increase in the hosting or investing country, which, anyway, improves the image of the company in the framework of the global competition.

The scheme presented below shows the cycle in which the CDM project goes through. According to this scheme, each project has the following basic phases: (1) the project formulation, (2) national approval, (3) approval and registration, (4) project funding, (5) monitoring, (6) verification/certification and (7) issuing of CER. The first four phases are prior to the project implementation, while the last three are during the whole project duration: the Figure 29 gives information related to the responsible institution for each project phase, starting with the National Authority, and later with the Executive Board and Operational Entities which are diverse as far as the assessment or verification is concerned.

 Albania dependence on energy imports is already 55% and is expected to increase over the coming years if no action is taken, reaching 70% by 2025

From penetration of RET in our market it will be possible the production of around 800 ktoe green energy and at the same time the considerable reduction amount of GHG.

Recommendations

First and foremost, without a coherent and transparent strategy and an ambitious overall objective for RET penetration; these sources of energy will not make major inroads into the country energy balance. Technological progress by itself can not break down the several non­technical barriers which hamper the penetration of renewable energy technologies in the energy markets. Without a clear and comprehensive strategy accompanied by legislative measures, their development will be retarded. A long-term stable framework for the development of renewable sources of energy, covering political, legislative, administrative, economic and marketing aspects is in fact the top priority for the economic operators involved in their development.

According to the preliminary financial analyses of cost-benefit for RET, it results that the technologies needed to be promoted in the future through the implementation of respective projects based on a full financial profiting analyses and full analyses of environment impact are: SHPP used for the electricity, solar panel for water heating in household and service sectors, the efficient heaters in the third area (division according to grade-days warm), where the heating needs are to a considerable level.

It is considered as profitable the implementation of a study project on the wind speed indicators for the premising areas according to this study. It is, as well, recommended to ensure the progress of further studies in identifying the sectors/areas/regions/consumers, where the implementation of relevant projects on geothermic, urban waste and photovoltaic plants results profitable.

A significant group that can be used for energy profit is related to the extensive richness of bushes (which can be undoubfully as a renewable energy source as they keep on growing again).

Introduction of a financial support scheme for renewable energy is crucial for their development. The support scheme should overcome the current additional costs for energy production from renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuels.

The dissemination in a highly wider range of the RES potentials through the fiche-projects are crucial for attract (foreign) investors in renewable energy projects, for example by introducing interested parties in the resources, or by facilitating them under the Kyoto framework, i.e. support CDM projects. The CDM mechanism is potentially especially interesting as a financing mechanism to support investment decisions for biomass projects. Establishment of Renewable Energy Development Centre is fundamental.

The post The reduction of the GHG emission based on the utilisation of RES appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

In order to realise the preliminary analyses of the benefit-cost analyses, basically for each RES three different power rates plants (250 kW, 1000 kW and 3000 kW respectively) have been analysed. They supply thermal/electrical power for the family consumers, hotelier sector for the buildings in service sector as well as agriculture sector. The basic parameters of this analyses are in the following table:

Figure 27 Unit cost for each technology and each capacity [cent/kWh]

The figure analyses shows that the long term marginal cost of electrical/thermal energy is in high values for two technologies: photovoltaic and urban waste plants. The second group of the low cost plants consists of: wind and geothermic energy source. The third group is compounded by the classical plants with comparable costs such as: SHPP (which have a lower cost), the co-generated plants that realise the production of electrical energy, the efficient heater plants working with biomass (fire wood) and solar panel plants that realise the production of the thermal energy.

The post Evaluation of the energy/thermal unit cost for each RET appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

From 29^th to 31^st May 2013 in Sofia (Bulgaria), the SEE Solar Exhibition and Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Congress and Exhibition will bring together top industry professionals. The Forum & Exhibition are a platform for market exploration of the Region, up-to-date technologies exposure and hot topics’ discussions. The business, state authority and the general public in South-East Europe are increasingly aware of the clean technologies benefits and during the last years the countries are making a significant progress in the implementation of sustainable practices and adopting the best European regulations.  

Some trends will drive the market of the green technologies in the Region and will open new attractive niches. The experts forecast a boom of installation of small integrated photovoltaic roof -, window- and façade- systems in the next years. According to the Energy Efficiency Directive all new buildings must be nearly Zero Energy (nZEB) from 2021.

 The 2013 SEE Forum & Exhibition at a Glance:

• Well-known companies are among the exhibitors- Sputnik Engineering (Solarmax), Krannich Solar, Global Hydro Energy, Costruzioni Nazzareno, Heliocentris Energiesysteme, Polytechnik, etc.
• Exhibition / Forum scope: solar-, wind-, hydro- and bio energy, energy storage, waste-to-energy, energy efficiency,  etc.  
•  Austrian and Italian Pavilions
• Speaker lineup – professionals from the European Commission – DG Energy, ECEEE, EREF, EuroACE, BPIE, etc.
• The program will be diversified with many parallel events: Global Methane Initiative (GMI) on Landfill Gas Utilization, organized by the U.S. Environmental Agency; 2^nd Best Eco-Municipality Competition 

Brochure 2013    Post Event Report 2012 

Organizer:  www.viaexpo.com T +359 32 512 905 | E office@viaexpo.com |   W www.viaexpo.com

The post SOUTH-EAST EUROPEAN ECO FORUM 29-31 May 2013, Sofia, Bulgaria appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

Via Expo  – Your Business Development Partner

In the digital age events remain the most powerful marketing tools for direct business. Via Expo is an organizer of high-level specialized international exhibitions and conferences in key industry fields. They facilitate and acceleration the entering of new products and technologies into the South-East European market by linking it with international know-how. Attention to detail, comprehensive promotion, young and creative team – all these bring participants and visitors the desired result - more valued contacts, more new clients, more fresh market ideas. 

We work in the following sectors: energy efficiency, renewable energy, waste management, recycling, ecology, bio & eco products, gifts, packaging and food. Our 20 years valuable experience allows us to develop constantly new concepts and keep pace with latest trends and developments.

Via Expo is the first event organizer in Bulgaria which in 1994 began to make computer visitor registration and statistics of visitor profile. We cooperate closely with a great number of prestigious media, industry chambers, branch associations, trade and commercial sections and fair organizers from Europe, Asia and North America.  

As additional services we offer:

• Matchmaking meetings organizing
• Stand construction
• Furniture rental
• Various advertising opportunities
• Accommodation

Company Profile

Testimonials

Via Expo Ltd.

Bulgaria, Plovdiv 4003
3, Anton Chehov sq.
T/F: +35932/ 945 459, 960 011, 960 012
e-mail: office@viaexpo.com
skype: maya.kristeva 

The post Via Expo – Your Business Development Partner appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

Figure 24 Energy demand for household, service and agricultural sector in the total energy
demand foreseen

One of the main goals of this study is to assess the energy amount that can be provided by the renewable energy. We stick on this study on the renewable energy technologies that can be applied in the household, service and agricultural sector. Taking into consideration the above goal the amount of energy provided by the renewable energy in the before mention sectors is analysed below. The figure shows the total energy demand foreseen for the household, service and agriculture sectors.

As it is shown in the figure the total energy demand in the household, service and agriculture sector will cover over 50% of the total energy demand. The analyses will be focused exactly in this energy demand, which can be provided from the renewable energy.

According to the study of D. Profka, the photovoltaic centrals that produce electricity from the solar energy PVPP have not penetrated so far, except for a pilot project. Actually, there have been constructed around 5 kW. Meanwhile the forecast until 2025 implies that the PVPP (need of the isolated systems like the costal lighthouses and different the antennas for the mobile phone, radio and televisions) will contribute with a production of 4.3 ktoe (50 GWh). Thus, in 2025 the energy produced from PVPP will be 4.3 times more than in year 2005 (Profka 2006).

As a conclusion, the system that use solar energy can cover 7,8% of the total energy demand of the three sectors together (household, service and agriculture) or 4,12% of the import needs in 2025 in case of applying the mentioned scenario.

According to the analyses from S. Xhelepi, it concludes that until 2006 the SHPP have generated 1,7 ktoe around 20 GWh. Meanwhile, the optimistic forecasts imply that these plants will generate around 81,7 ktoe (950 GWh) in 2025, which means that the energy produced will be 48 times more than in 2005. As a conclusion, SHPP can cover up to 6,1 % of the energy demand in the three sectors considered or 3,23% of the import needs in 2025 (Xhelepi 2006).

According to the study of A.Hizmo, the contribution of biomass until 2005 has been 285 ktoe (3314 GWh). This is mainly dedicated to the use of fire woods, the only actual selection being used. Furthermore, he foresees that the plants using this energy will contribute by generating around 400 ktoe (4650 GWh) in year 2025, or 1,6 times more than in year 2005 (Hizmo 2006).

Contribution of biomass is mainly based on more efficient usage of the fire woods. Actually, the average yield of wood heaters is 35-40% and it is foreseen that the heaters of 75-85% yield will penetrate in 2025. The penetration value of the fire woods is calculated based on the annual production of the forests and the sector needs of the household, service, and agriculture demand. This process will have a double profit: it will enable the sustainable usage of the forests and it will considerably decrease the local pollution (SO2, CO). It has been supposed that the penetration of biomass will be increased by using the agriculture biomass (animal breeding, the so-called energy plants) in energy production of green houses and the especially in the energy production (as a secondary product) as a result of the urban waste treatment. The biomass can cover up to 29.8% of the energy demand in the three sectors considered together or 15,82% of the import needs in 2025.

According to the study of P. Mitrushi, it results that the wind energy contribution has not existed until 2005. There have been some attempts to install pilot wind turbines. Nevertheless, the actual contribute of this energy source is zero. It has been foreseen that the penetration of these plants (WPP) will generate energy up to 43 toe (500 GWh) until 2025. P. Mitrushi assumes in his study a concept-idea of the construction of Wind Electro Centrals in the Adriatic Costal area. The project looks more feasible in this area than in other ones because of the great energetic­ecologic-economic impact. As a conclusion we can say that WPP can cover up to 3,2% of the energy needs in the three sectors considered together or 1,7% of the import needs for year 2025 (Mitrushi 2006).

A Frasheri and M. Mico presents in their studies that the contribution of geothermic energy has not existed until 2005. It is expected that this energy source will cover 10 ktoe (116,3 GWh). It is concluded that, the geothermic plants can cover up to 0,7% of the energy demand in the three sectors or 0,4% of the import needs for year 2025 (Frasheri 2006).

The energy supply improvement, the reduction of electric and thermo energy import, the promotion of the new technologies as, DH & CHP (District Heating & Combined Heat and Power) in the service and residential sector are the main objectives of B. Islami’s study.

A calculation of the thermo energy provided by SCHP has been done by taking into consideration its penetration of 6% in household sector and 10% in the service sector until 2025. According to this study, the energy produced by SCHP will be 144 ktoe (1675 GWh) in 2025. Therefore, the SCHP can cover up to 10,7% of the energy demand of the three sectors or 5,7% of the import needs in 2025 (Islami 2006).

Figure 25 Energy produced by the penetration of the renewable energy schemes and contribution
on energy demand for household, service and agriculture sectors.

Figure 26 The coverage of the imported energy demand through the renewable energy

The post The forecast of the RES percentage in the overall fuel mix in Albania appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.

Figure 18 The consume of energy sources divided by sector

Taking into consideration the energy consume in different sectors, it can be easily noticed that this consume has huge ups and downs during the years 1990-2004, as shown in the figure above. As the country was oriented towards the heavy industry before 1990, the energy consume was considerably higher than the first years of transition. During the years 1995-2000 the energy consume has decreased up to 1/3 of the consume level of 1990. It can be easily concluded that there are high differences which call for future special attention on the energy demand.

Extracting and use of the energy sources in Albania

The oil sources in Albania are distributed in the West and Southwest. They derivate mainly from the two structures, the sand rocks and lime stones. The geologic slack of oil is assessed of 260 million m³, 54 million m³ out of which are accessible. The geological slacks of oil in the sea are assessed to be up to 200 milion m³, 50 milion m³ out of which can be taken out¹. The usage of oil in Albania has started since 1918, whereas the peak was in 1975. Eversince the usage of oil has always been decreasing, and from 1990s on it experienced a continous consume increase. This contradiction between the usage and consume has led to a dependence on the fossil fuel contries since years 90s. The difference between the usage and the consume has been increasing as a result of the transport development sector. Until 1989 Albania has been an exporter of oil products. Actually, imported oil and its products contribute approximately of 63% of primar energy sources.

Figure 19 The production, consume & self sufficiency of oil supply

The oil refining has been done mainly through four refineries available in Cerrik, Fier, Kucove and Ballsh. After the construction of the refineries in Ballsh, the other three refineries did not function in full capacity. The oil fields result with a high percentage of sulphur (4% – 8%) and high gravity (8 – 35 API). The technologies used in the mentioned refineries are quite old and give serious problems uncontrollable pollution. Therefore new investments are needed for further usage of them. A general technical-economic analysis would assess this kind of investment versus the investment on the renewable energy.

Coal is one of the main sources in country and it is concentrated in four main areas (see Annex C). The systems of coal enrichment in Valias, Memaliaj and Maliq are already out of function. The coal has mainly been used as a source for central heating and electrical energy production from TPP (co-generative), that are built near the coal mines. In general, the country coal has resulted to a high percentage of sulphur (around 4%) and a high percentage of ash and wetness. Therefore the coal results to a low calorific value with high emissions of SO2. The mine characteristic is that it is located in high depths (over 200 m) and in strata of relatively small amounts (70 – 100cm). As a result the country coal has a higher cost than the imported coal. This is one of the reasons that the use of the coal had a drastic decrease in the last years.

The production and the natural gas consume has started since 1963 and gradually have been discovered other gas fields such as: Divjakë, Frrakull, Ballaj-Kryevidh, Durrës, Povelçë, and Panaja–Delvinë. Around 500 wells have been constructed until the end of 1995; out of which approximately 3.04 billion m³ of natural gas have been taken out. Actually, the gas fields are in their final phase. The numbers of the wells are decreased to 30 and the daily collections can be up to 300-1500 m³N/day. The gas slacks have a decrease since 1995, but the peak was in 1990 as a result of identification lack of new sources and investments in the existing fields.

A very important source, which has given a considerable contribution to the energy balance of the country, is biomass and more specifically the woods. The usage of woods has also been decreased in the last years. During 1990 the fire woods contributed with 727.7 ktoe (or 24.6% of the total) falling until 271.4 ktoe in 2004 (12.5% of the total). This decrease has influenced positively in the minimization of the wood cuts, and simultaneously has had a negative impact since more electrical energy has been used, especially in the residential sector.

According to the data from the General Directorate of Forests, the total slack of the fire wood goes up to 14,3 Mtoe. The usage of fire wood, coal and natural gas in years and the percentages compared to the total of energy sources is given below.

Figure 20 The production and self sufficiency of primary energy sources for the period 1990 – 2004

The energy provided by the HPP and TPP

Figure 21 The production of electricity from TPP and HPP for the period 1985 – 2004

Albania has a high potential of hydro-energy, 35% out of which is used so far. The installed capacity up to now is 1464,5 MW. The average production of HPP in Albania is about 4362 GWh/year. The total slacks of hydro-energy are up to 3000 MW and the annual potential can be up to 10 TWh (Xhelepi 2006). A great importance is given recently to the use of the rivers in the central and the southern part of Albania, in order to have a geographical hydro-energy balance. 8 TPP have been installed in different time periods and capacities. The main common quality is the co-generation. Actually, all the TPP are out of function, except from Fier one, which works on a super minimal capacity. More details and technical characteristics of existing HPP and TPP and those that are planned to be constructed are given on Annex B.

The provision of the energy demand divided by sectors

The generating capacity is insufficient to face the today demand of 6.60 TWh/year (year 2006). The technical production has an average of 10-12 million kWh/day and the import can go to 8-10 million kWh/day. Therefore a total maximal supply of 18-22 million kWh/day can be provided. The required consume in a normal winter day is 25-27 million kWh. As a result, the electroenergy system is sufficient for 70-80% of the total energy demand during the winter peak, leading to power cuts. According to the NSE, this situation has a resulted to a trade defficit of 25.6 Milion USD in 1990. In 2004 imports go up to 310 million USD/year. To have a clear view, the trade deficit of 2004 is around 1272 Milion USD/year. 25% of this deficit consists of energitic comodities (sub-products of oil and electric energy).

The following forecast of the energy demand for the period 2005-2025 is based on the NSE. The energy demand forecast for each sector of economy has been done according to the same scenarios and trends of NSE.

Figure 22 The provision of energy demands divided by sectors

Figure 23 The supply of primary energy sources made-in country and imported

Albania dependence on energy imports is already 55% and is expected to increase over the coming years up to 70% by 2025 in case of no intervention (see figure 16). The following figure presents the coverage of the foreseen energy demand from the country energy sources and import for the coming 20 years.

Much attention will increase therefore the focus on security of supply. In this framework, one of the main challenges in the Albanian energy sector is the diversification of the energy sources and the self-sufficiency of energy demand with the country sources, reducing the import dependence. Renewable energies as indigenous sources of energy will have an important role to play in reducing the level of energy imports with positive implications for balance of trade and security of supply.

The post Projection of energy supply and demand in Albania appeared first on AEA-Albania Energy Association.